Issue
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,
Vol.28, No.9, 1797-1813, 2011
Zinc oxide nanostructures and their applications
.Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been known as the next most important material for the fabrication of efficient nanodevices and nanosystems because of its versatile properties such as semiconducting, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric multiple properties. In this review, the state-of-the-art technologies related to the synthesis and characterization, the selective growth of ZnO nanostructures, and their applications for nanodevices are discussed. A special concern is focused on the controlled selective growth of ZnO nanostructures on wanted areas of substrates, which is crucial factor for devices applications. The device applications of ZnO nanostructures include field effect transistors (FETs), fieldemission devices, piezoelectric nanogenerators, biosensors, p-n heterjunction diodes such as light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells, and so on.
[References]
  1. Handbook of Semiconductor Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Edited by Balandin AA, Wang KL, American Scientific Publishers (2005), Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Edited by Nalwa HS, American Scientific Publishers (2011).
  2. Metal Oxide Nanostructures and Their Applications, Edited by Ahmad Umar and Yoon-Bong Hahn, American Scientific Publishers, 2010
  3. Chen SJ, Liu YC, Shao CL, Mu R, Lu YM, Zhang JY, Shen DZ, Fan XW, Adv. Mater., 17(5), 586, 2005
  4. Hara K, Horiguchi T, Kinoshita T, Sayams K, Sugihara H, Arakawa H, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells., 64, 115, 2000
  5. Pal B, Sharon M, Mater. Chem. Phys., 76(1), 82, 2002
  6. Xu JQ, Pan QY, Shun YA, Tian ZZ, Sens. Actua. B: Chem., 66, 277, 2000
  7. Martin PM, Good MS, Johnston JW, Posakony GJ, Bond LJ, Crawford SL, Thin Solid Films, 379(1-2), 253, 2000
  8. Lee S, Im YH, Hahn YB, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 22, 334, 2025
  9. Muthukumar S, Gorla CR, Emanetoglu NW, Liang S, Lu Y, J. Cryst. Growth, 225(2-4), 197, 2001
  10. Minne SC, Manalis SR, Quate CF, Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, 3918, 1995
  11. Keis K, Vayssieres L, Lindquist S, Hagfeldt A, Nanostuct. Mater., 12, 487, 1999
  12. Golra CR, Emanetoglu NW, Liang S, Mayo WE, Lu Y, Wraback M, Shen HJ, Appl. Phys., 85, 2595, 1999
  13. Wang ZL, Mater. Today., 26, 2004
  14. Pearton SJ, Norton DP, Ip K, Heo YW, Steiner T, Superlatt. Microstruct., 34, 3, 2003
  15. Zhang TR, Dong WJ, Keeter-Brewer M, Konar S, Njabon RN, Tian ZR, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128(33), 10960, 2006
  16. Yi GC, Wang C, Park WI, Semicond. Sci. Technol., 20, S22, 2005
  17. Eftekhari A, Molaei F, Arami H, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 437, 446, 2006
  18. Shen GZ, Cho JH, Yoo JK, Yi GC, Lee CJ, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109(12), 5491, 2005
  19. Shen GZ, Chen D, Lee CJ, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110(32), 15689, 2006
  20. Zhang BP, Binh NT, Wakatsuki K, Segawa Y, Yamada Y, Usami N, Kawasaki M, Koinuma H, Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, 4098, 2004
  21. Liu J, Gao PX, Mai WJ, Lao CS, Wang ZL, Tummala R, Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 63125, 2006
  22. Lao JY, Huang JY, Wang DZ, Ren ZF, Nano Lett., 3, 235, 2003
  23. Lao JY, Wen JG, Ren ZF, Nano Lett., 2, 1287, 2002
  24. Liu F, Cao PJ, Zhang HR, Li JQ, Gao HJ, Nanotechnology., 15, 949, 2004
  25. Kong XY, Ding Y, Yang RS, Wang ZL, Science., 303, 1348, 2004
  26. Gao PX, Wang ZL, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106(49), 12653, 2002
  27. Liang Y, Zhang XT, Qin L, Zhang E, Gao H, Zhang ZG, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110(43), 21593, 2006
  28. Umar A, Lee S, Lee YS, Nahm KS, Hahn YB, J. Cryst. Growth, 277(1-4), 479, 2005
  29. Sekar A, Kim SH, Umar A, Hahn YB, J. Cryst. Growth, 277(1-4), 471, 2005
  30. Umar A, Kim SH, Lee YS, Nahm KS, Hahn YB, J. Cryst. Growth, 282(1-2), 131, 2005
  31. Umar A, Hahn YB, Nanotechnology., 17, 2174, 2006
  32. Umar A, Ra HW, Jeong JP, Suh EK, Hahn YB, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(3), 499, 2006
  33. Umar A, Jeong JP, Suh EK, Hahn YB, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(5), 860, 2006
  34. Park WI, Kim DH, Jung SW, Yi GC, Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 4232, 2002
  35. Lee W, Sohn HG, Myoung JM, Mater. Sci. Forum., 449, 1245, 2004
  36. Zhang BP, Binh NT, Segawa Y, Wakatsuki K, Usami N, Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, 1635, 2003
  37. Lee S, Umar A, Kim SH, Reddy NK, Hahn YB, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 24(6), 1084, 2007
  38. Kaur R, Singh AV, Sehrawat K, Mehra NC, Mehra RM, J. Non-Cryst. Sol., 352, 2565, 2006
  39. Chen YW, Liu YC, Lu SX, J. Chem. Phys., 123, 134701, 2005
  40. Dev A, Panda SK, Kar S, Chakrabarti S, Chaudhuri S, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110(29), 14266, 2006
  41. Cao B, Li Y, Duan G, Cai W, Cryst. Growth Design., 6, 1091, 2006
  42. Wu X, Lu G, Li C, Shi G, Nanotechnology., 17, 4936, 2006
  43. Liu B, Zeng HC, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125(15), 4430, 2003
  44. Wang JM, Gao L, J. Mater. Chem., 13, 2551, 2003
  45. Guo M, Diao P, Cai SM, J. Solid State Chem., 178, 1864, 2005
  46. Kar S, Dev A, Chaudhuri S, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110(36), 17848, 2006
  47. Ghoshal T, Kar S, Chaudhuri S, J. Cryst. Growth, 293(2), 438, 2006
  48. Xu CK, Xu GD, Liu YK, Wang GH, Solid State Commun., 122, 175, 2002
  49. Gao MD, Li MM, Yu WD, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109(3), 1155, 2005
  50. Zhang H, Yang D, Li D, Ma X, Li S, Que D, Cryst. Growth Des., 5, 547, 2005
  51. Reeber RR, J. Appl. Phys., 41, 5063, 1970
  52. Kuoni A, Holzherr R, Boillat M, de Rooij NF, J. Micromech. Microeng., 13, S103, 2003
  53. Blom FR, Yntema DJ, Van de Pol FCM, Elwenspoek M, Fluitman JHJ, Popma TJA, Sens. Actuators A-Phys., A21, 226, 1990
  54. Dulub O, Boatner LA, Diebold U, Surf. Sci., 519, 201, 2002
  55. Li WJ, Shi EW, Zhong WZ, Yin ZW, J. Cryst. Growth., 203, 186, 1999
  56. Phillips JC, Bonds and Bands in Semiconductors, Academic Press, New York, 1973
  57. Segawa Y, Ohtomo A, Kawasaki M, Koinuma H, Tang ZK, Yu P, Wong GKL, Phys. Stat. Sol., 202, 669, 1997
  58. Wagner RS, Ellis WC, Appl. Phys. Lett., 4, 89, 1964
  59. Wagner RS, Ellis WC, Arnold SM, Jackson KA, J. Appl.Phys., 35, 2993, 1964
  60. Wu YY, Yang PD, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123(13), 3165, 2001
  61. Bae SY, Seo HW, Park JH, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108(17), 5206, 2004
  62. Chang P, Fan Z, Tseng W, Wang D, Chiou W, Hong J, Lu JG, Chem. Mater., 16, 5133, 2004
  63. Huang MH, Wu YY, Feick H, Tran N, Weber E, Yang PD, Adv. Mater., 13(2), 113, 2001
  64. Zhao QX, Millander M, Morjan RE, Hu QH, Campbell EEB, Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, 165, 2003
  65. Fan Z, Wang D, Chang P, Tseng W, Lu JG, Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, 5923, 2004
  66. He JH, Hsu JH, Wang CW, Lin HN, Chen LJ, Wang ZL, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110(1), 50, 2006
  67. Kong XY, Wang ZL, Nano Lett., 3, 1625, 2003
  68. Gao PX, Ding Y, Wang ZL, Nano Lett., 3, 1315, 2003
  69. Umar A, Karunagran B, Suh EK, Hahn YB, Nanotechnology., 17, 4072, 2006
  70. Umar A, Kim SH, Kim JH, Hahn YB, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 7, 4522, 2007
  71. Umar A, Hahn YB, Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, 173120, 2006
  72. Park YK, Umar A, Kim SH, Hahn YB, J. Nanosci. Nanotechol., 7, 6349, 2008
  73. Jeong JS, Lee JY, Cho JH, Suh HJ, Lee CJ, Chem. Mater., 17, 2752, 2005
  74. Wu JJ, Liu SC, Wu CT, Chen KH, Chen LC, Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, 1312, 2002
  75. Xing YJ, Xi ZH, Xue ZQ, Zhang XD, Song JH, Wang RM, Xu J, Song Y, Zhang SL, Yu DP, Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, 1689, 2003
  76. Wang ZL, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter., 16, R82, 2004
  77. Kong XY, Ding Y, Yang R, Wang ZL, Science., 303, 1348, 2004
  78. Wen XG, Fang YP, Pang Q, Yang CL, Wang JN, Ge WK, Wong KS, Yang SH, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109(32), 15303, 2005
  79. Umar A, Kim SH, Im YH, Hahn YB, Superlattices and Microstructures., 39, 238, 2006
  80. Gao PX, Wang ZL, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125(37), 11299, 2003
  81. Fan HJ, Scholz R, Kolb FM, Zacharias M, Gosele U, Sol. State Commun., 130, 517, 2004
  82. Umar A, Lee S, Lee YS, Nahm KS, Hahn YB, J. Cryst. Growth, 277(1-4), 479, 2005
  83. Umar A, Lee S, Im YH, Hahn YB, Nanotechnology., 16, 2462, 2005
  84. He FQ, Zhao YP, App. Phys. Lett., 88, 193113, 2006
  85. Dai Y, Zhang Y, Li QK, Nan CW, Chem. Phys. Lett., 358(1-2), 83, 2002
  86. Wang ZL, Kong XY, Zuo JM, Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, 185502, 2003
  87. Yan HQ, He RR, Johnson J, Law M, Saykally RJ, Yang PD, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125(16), 4728, 2003
  88. Gao PX, Wang ZL, Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, 2883, 2004
  89. Shen G, Bando Y, Lee CJ, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109(21), 10779, 2005
  90. Arnold MS, Avouris P, Pan ZW, Wang ZL, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107(3), 659, 2003
  91. Chang PC, Fan Z, Wang D, Tseng WY, Chiou WA, Hong J, Lu JG, Chem. Mater., 16, 5133, 2004
  92. Fan Z, Wang D, Chang PC, Tseng WY, Lu JG, Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, 5923, 2004
  93. Park JY, Yun YS, Hong YS, Oh H, Kim JJ, Kim SS, Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, 123108, 2005
  94. Park JY, Oh H, Kim JJ, Kim SS, Nanotechnology., 17, 1255, 2006
  95. Yun YS, Park YY, Oh H, Kim JJ, Kim SS, J. Mater. Res., 21, 132, 2006
  96. Heo YW, Tien LC, Norton DP, Kang BS, Ren F, Gila BP, Pearton SJ, Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, 2002, 2004
  97. Park JY, Oh HY, Kim JJ, Kim SS, J. Cryst. Growth, 287(1), 145, 2006
  98. Goldberger J, Sirbuly DJ, Law M, Yang P, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109(1), 9, 2005
  99. Park WI, Kim JS, Yi GC, Bae MH, Lee HJ, Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, 5052, 2004
  100. Yang WQ, Huo HB, Dai L, Ma RM, Liu SF, Ran GZ, Shen B, Lin CL, Qin GG, Nanotechnology., 17, 4868, 2006
  101. Umar A, Kim BK, Kim JJ, Hahn YB, Nanotechnology., 18, 175606, 2007
  102. Park YK, Umar A, Kim SH, Kim JH, Lee EW, Vaseem M, Hahn YB, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 8, 6010, 2008
  103. Ng HT, Li J, Smith MK, Ngnuyen P, Cassell A, Han J, Meyyappan M, Science., 300, 1249, 2003
  104. Wang XD, Summers CJ, Wang ZL, Nano Lett., 4, 423, 2004
  105. Liu DF, Xiang YJ, Wu XC, Zhang ZX, Liu LF, Song L, Zhao XW, Luo SD, Ma WJ, Shen J, Zhou WY, Wang G, Wang CY, Xie SS, Nano Lett., 6, 2375, 2006
  106. Ahsanulhaq Q, Kim SH, Hahn YB, J. Alloys and Compounds., 484, 17, 2009
  107. Ahsanulhaq Q, Kim JH, Lee JS, Hahn YB, Electrochem. Commun., 12, 475, 2010
  108. Park WI, Lee CH, Chae JH, Lee DH, Yi GC, Small., 5, 181, 2009
  109. Gao PX, Liu J, Buchine BA, Weintraub B, Wang ZL, Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, 142108, 2007
  110. Conley JF, Stecker L, Ono Y, Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, 223114, 2005
  111. Xu S, Ding Y, Wei YG, Fang H, Shen Y, Sood AK, Polla DL, Wang ZL, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131(19), 6670, 2009
  112. Xu S, Shen Y, Ding Y, Wang ZL, Adv. Funct. Mater., 20(9), 1493, 2010
  113. Ko SH, Park I, Pan H, Misra N, Rogers MS, Grigopoulos CP, Pisano AP, Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 154102, 2008
  114. Pachuri V, Vlandas A, Kern K, Balasubramanian K, Small., 6, 589, 2010
  115. Lee JS, Islam MS, Kim S, Nano Lett., 6, 1487, 2006
  116. Ju S, Li J, Pimparkar N, Alam MA, Chang RPH, Janes DB, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnology., 6, 390, 2007
  117. Park YK, Choi HS, Kim JH, Kim JH, Hahn YB, Nanotechnolgy., 22, 185310, 2011
  118. Fan HJ, Fuhrmann B, Scholz R, Syrowatka F, Dadgar A, Krost A, Zacharias M, J. Cryst. Growth, 287(1), 34, 2006
  119. Liu DF, Xiang YJ, Wu XC, Zhang ZX, Liu LF, Song L, Zhao XW, Luo SD, Ma WJ, Shen J, Zhou WY, Wang G, Wang CY, Xie SS, Nano Lett., 10, 2375, 2006
  120. Masuda Y, Kinoshita N, Sato F, Koumoto K, Cryst. Growth & Design., 6, 75, 2006
  121. Tak Y, Yong KJ, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109(41), 19263, 2005
  122. Ahsanulhaq Q, Kim JH, Hahn YB, Nanotechnology., 18, 485307, 2007
  123. Hsueh KP, Huang SC, Li CT, Hsin YM, Sheu JK, Lai WC, Tun CJ, Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, 132111, 2007
  124. Oh DC, Suzuki T, Kim JJ, Makino H, Hanada T, Cho MW, Yao T, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 032909, 2005
  125. Hong SK, Hanada T, Ko HJ, Chen Y, Yao T, Imai D, Araki K, Shinohara M, Saitoh L, Terauchi M, Phys. Rev. B., 65, 115331, 2002
  126. Nakayama T, Murayama M, J. Cryst. Growth, 214, 299, 2000
  127. Lin CW, Ke DJ, Chao YC, Chang L, Liang MH, Ho YT, J. Cryst. Growth, 298, 472, 2007
  128. Alivov YI, Ozgur U, Dogan S, Liu C, Moon Y, Gu X, Avrutin V, Fu Y, Morkoc H, Solid-State Electron., 49(10), 1693, 2005
  129. Fan HJ, Fleischer F, Lee W, Nielsch K, Scholz R, Zacharias M, Gosele U, Dadgar A, Krost A, Superlattices Microstruct., 36, 95, 2004
  130. Park WI, Yi GC, Adv. Mater., 16(1), 87, 2004
  131. Ahsanulhaq Q, Umar A, Hahn YB, Nanotechnology., 18, 115603, 2007
  132. Koteeswara Reddy N, Ahsanulhaq Q, Hahn YB, Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, 083124, 2008
  133. Koteeswara Reddy N, Ahsanulhaq Q, Kim JH, Devika M, Hahn YB, Nanotechnology., 18, 445710, 2007
  134. Koteeswara Reddy, Ahsanulhaq Q, Kim JH, Hahn YB, Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 043127, 2008
  135. Keis K, Bauer C, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A, Westermark K, Rensmob H, Siegbahn H, J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chem., 148, 57, 2002
  136. Kakiuchi K, Hosono E, Fujihara S, J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chem., 179, 81, 2006
  137. Baxtera JB, Aydil ES, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 053114, 2005
  138. Baxtera JB, Aydil ES, Sol. Ener. Mater. Sol. Cells., 90, 607, 2006
  139. Law M, Greene LE, Johnson JC, Saykally R, Yang P, Nature Mater., 4, 455, 2005
  140. Greene LE, Yuhas BD, Law M, Zitoun D, Yang PD, Inorg. Chem., 45(19), 7535, 2006
  141. Ko SH, Lee D, Kang HW, Nam KH, Yeo JY, Hong SJ, Grigoropoulos CP, Sung HJ, Nano Lett., 11, 666, 2011
  142. Wang ZL, Song JH, Science., 312, 242, 2006
  143. Lu MP, Song J, Lu MY, Chen MT, Gao Y, Chen LJ, Wang ZL, Nano Lett., 9, 1223, 2009
  144. Zhu G, Yang R, Wang S, Wang ZL, Nano Lett., 10, 3151, 2010
  145. Umar A, Rahman MM, Kim SH, Hahn YB, J. Nanosci.Nanotechnology., 8, 3216, 2008
  146. Umar A, Rahman MM, Vaseem M, Hahn YB, Electrochem. Commun., 11, 118, 2009
  147. Umar A, Rahman MM, Al-Hajry A, Hahn YB, Talanta., 78, 284, 2009