We investigated the absorption ability of potassium salts of amino acid solutions for carbon dioxide and compared the results with MEA. The corrosion and degradation behavior were investigated in a CO2 absorption process using aqueous potassium salts of glycine and taurine. The experimental parameters varied were the concentration, amino acid type, temperature, CO2 loading, piperazine, and the presence of corrosion inhibitors. The corrosion characteristics of carbon steel were measured with potassium glycinate and potassium taurate solutions over a wide range of concentrations (1.5 to 5.0 M) and temperatures (313.15 to 353.15 K). The corrosion rate was calculated using a weight loss method averaging the results of four specimens. The experimental results indicate that increases in the concentration of the aqueous amino acid salts, solution temperature, CO2 loading, and piperazine concentration accelerate the corrosion rate. In addition, corrosion inhibitors were proven to be effective in controlling corrosion.