Acidity of ADNBF (7-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan) crystallized from acetic acid taken as a reaction medium was found to be 0.14-0.2%, which is not acceptable in view of the long term stability of final products. Inclusion of acetic acid during azidation reaction of the TeNA (2,3,4,6-tetranitroaniline) to ATNA (3-azido-2,4,6-trinitroaniline) and formation of ADNBF crystals from ATNA in acetic acid was found to be the main reason for the high acidity of assynthesized
ADNBF crystals. In the present experiments, to reduce the acidity of ADNBF, ATNA, which is an intermediate compound, was separated from acetic acid, and ADNBF crystals were obtained by thermolysis of ATNA from various solvents. The acidity of ADNBF crystals from ethanol was found to be 0.05-0.06%, and their shape and size distribution were cubic or tetragonal and 5-30 μm, respectively, which may be suitable for applying the explosive for- mulations.
Watt D, Insensitive munition: The effect of aging upon lifecycle, 2004 Insensitive Munitions & Energetic Materials Technology Symposium, San Francisco, CA, November 15-16, 2004
Doherty R, Watt D, Insensitive munitions-coming of age, 35th Int. Annual Meeting of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 29-July 2, 2004
Schubert H, History of and experiences with insensitive explosives, Symposium Insensitive Energetic Materials, Pfinztal, Germany, March 6-7, 2007
Johansen OH, Smith K, Halvorsen T, Kristiansen JD, Berg A, Gjersoe R, Nervstad G, Review and update for RS-RDX and RS-HMX, Symposium Insensitive Energetic Materials, Pfinztal, Germany, March 6-7, 2007
Norris WP, 7-Amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan, an insensitive high explosive, NWC TP 6522, Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA, USA, 1984
Norris WP, Improved synthesis of 7-amino-4,6-dinitrofuroxan, an insensitive high explosive, NWC TP 8724, Naval Weapon Center, China Lake, CA, USA, 1985
Doherty RM, Simpson RL, A comprehensive evaluation of several insensitive high explosives, 28th Int. Annual Meeting of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 24-27, 1997
Cho JR, A new safe synthetic procedure of TeNA(2,3,4,6-Tetranitroaniline), Insensitive Munitions & Energetic Materials Technology Symposium, San Francisco, CA, November 15-16, 2004
Weber JF, US Patent, 5,136,041, 1992
Stedman G, J. Chem. Soc., 1702, 1960
Detailed Specification of HMX (Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine), MIL-DTL-5444C NOT 1, US Department of Defense, 2004
Lieber E, Thomas III AE, Appl. Spectrosc., 15(5), 144, 1961
Nakanishi K, Solomon PH, Infrared absorption spectroscopy, 2nd Ed., Holden-Day Inc., San Francisco, CA, 1977
Oliveri-Mandala E, Calderaro E, Gazz. Chim. Ital., 45, 311, 1915