Issue
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,
Vol.24, No.6, 996-1002, 2007
Distribution and characteristics of pyrolysis products from automobile shredder residue using an experimental semi-batch reactor
Automobile shredder residue (ASR) generated by end-of-life vehicles, comprises more than 20% of a new vehicle by weight. Significant amounts of polymers in ASR, such as Poly Propylene (PP), Poly Ethylene (PE), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Ethylene Propylene Ethylidene Nobornene (EPDM), rubber, Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Poly Amide (PA), and Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), can be used as energy or chemical sources, whereas other components, such as tires, rubber, glass, wood, sand/dust, and heavy metals inhibit the recycling of ASR. In many countries, landfill use of ASR is regulated, so landfill costs have increased, as has inappropriate disposal; sending ASR to landfills will be needed to be regulated in Korea. Pyrolysis has been suggested as an economically feasible recycling and recovery technique for ASR in Korea and other advanced countries. Before such technology is implemented, the characteristics of pyrolyzed products should be investigated. Shredded samples from the facility were collected, and calorific value, elemental analysis, and leaching tests were performed to determine ASR characteristics. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted at five different temperatures, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 ℃, and the product distributions of gas, tar, and char were investigated. The optimal temperature for ASR pyrolysis, in terms of yield efficiency, was found to be 600 ℃. The mean calorific value was also found to be higher in this case; thus, ASR can be treated as an auxiliary fuel. During pyrolysis, there were high ignition losses of light and heavy fluff, due to the presence of organic materials. The leaching concentrations of all tested heavy metals were found to be within the Korean guideline values. In terms of carbon number distributions, pyrolysis of ASR at 600 ℃ was optimal. For further utilization of pyrolysis products as fuel, the characteristics of char, oil, and gas were investigated with an experimental batch reactor.
[References]
  1. KAMA, Available from , Seoul, Korea, 2003
  2. BMW, BMW Environmental Report, 1997/98-2000, 2000
  3. Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA), Strategy of Recycling ELVs, JAMA Report, Tokyo, Japan, 1999
  4. Anonymous, Recycling and the Automobile, Automotive Engineering, 41-57, October, 1992
  5. Lanoir D, Trouve G, Delfosse L, Froelich D, Kassamaly A, Waste Manage. Res., 15, 267, 1997
  6. Lee CH, Research Conservation and Recycling, 20, 207, 1997
  7. Das S, Curlee TR, Rizy CG, Schexnayder SM, Resources Conservation and Recycling, 14, 265, 1995
  8. Day M, Cooney JD, Shen Z, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 37, 49, 1996
  9. Day M, Graham J, Lachmansingh R, Chen E, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 9, 255, 1993
  10. Day M, Shen Z, Cooney JD, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 51, 181, 1999
  11. EU, Directive of European Parliament and of the Council, 2000/53/EC, 2000
  12. Voyer R, Technico-economic and environmental study of the processes for the treatment of residues from the salvaging of cars, Centre de Recherche Industriel Du Quebec, Report VPOIT-91-098, 739-PE02996, April, 1992
  13. Roy C, Chaala A, Resources Conservation and Recycling, 32, 1, 2001
  14. Rausa R, Pollesel P, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 40-41, 383, 1997
  15. Galvagno S, Fortuna F, Cornacchia G, Casu S, Coppola T, Sharma VK, Energy Conv. Manag., 42, 573, 2001
  16. Motohiro K, Michiko H, Masataka Y, Shigekatsu M, Technical Notes Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan (JSAE) Review, 22, 221, 2001
  17. Ministry of Environment, Bulletin of The Ministry of Environment, 2000-41, 2000
  18. USEPA, Test Method for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical/Chemical Method, SW-846, method 3050B, 1998
  19. Sullivan JL, Williams RL, Yester S, Cobas-Flores E, Chubbs ST, Hentges SG, Life cycle inventory of a generic U.S. family-Sedan Overview of Results USCAR AMP Project. SAE Paper #982160, Detroit, MI: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 1998
  20. Kim KH, Joung HT, Nam H, Seo YC, Hong JH, Yoo TW, Lim BS, Waste Manage., 24, 533, 2004
  21. Boughton B, Horvath A, Resources Conservation and Recycling, 47, 1, 2006
  22. Winslow G, Advanced separation of plastics from shredder residue, SAE 2004-01-0469, 2004
  23. Keller C, Optimized disposal of automotive shredder residue. In: Ludwig C, Hellweg S, Stucki S, editors. Municipal solid waste management-strategies and technologies for sustainable solutions. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 294-307, 2003
  24. Hubble WS, Most IG, Wolman MR, Investigation of the energy value of automobile shredder residue, U.S. Department of Energy Report, DOE/ID12551, August, 1997
  25. Joung HT, Kim KH, Nam H, Kim YR, Hong JH, Yoo TW, Park JH, Seo YC, J. Korea Society of Waste Management, 20, 415, 2003
  26. Schmitt RJ, Automobile shredder residue - the problem and potential solution, CMP Report #90-1, Centre for Material Production, Pittsburgh, PA, 1990