In order to improve the boiling heat transfer capacity within the microstructure, a superhydrophilic surface model with a bionic flower bud structure was established and the flow-boiling heat transfer characteristics were simulated. The temperature, velocity and vapor phase distribution contours under different working conditions were obtained. The effects of different flower spacings, superheat degrees and surfaces on boiling heat transfer were discussed. The study found that the droplet has more vaporization cores on the superhydrophilic surface, and the bubbles can effectively destroy the velocity and temperature boundary layers, thereby enhancing the boiling heat transfer ability. The heat transfer area under the narrow flower spacing is larger, and the vaporization core is more, which is more conducive to boiling heat transfer. When the superheat degree is 80 K, the superhydrophilic surface with the flower spacing L=0 µm has the strongest heat transfer ability, which is 1.59 times that of the common surface, and the mass transfer rate is increased by 23.5%.