The research on water-based and enhanced modification of phenolic resin for impregnation of automobile engine oil filter paper has attracted widespread attention. First, the organosilicon was modified, the polyoxyethylene ether (PEO) and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) were introduced through the hydrosilylation reaction, and the optimal modification conditions of PEO and AGE were discussed. The results show that when the PEO:AGE molar ratio is 3 : 1, the modified silicone prepared has good dispersibility in water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive imaging (EDS) was used to analyze the morphology of resin impregnated filter paper. The results show that when the mass ratio of modified silicone to phenolic resin is 5%, the silicone molecular chains and the phenolic resin form a uniform three-dimensional network structure by bonding through chemical bonds. Compared with unmodified pure phenolic resin impregnated filter paper, the mechanical properties and engine oil resistance properties of the silicone-modified phenolic resin-impregnated filter paper are improved.