Monoolein cubosomes was prepared for enhancement of in vitro anti-oxidative efficacy of Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam extract (BCT) toward carcinogenic fine dust-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Hydrophobicized alginate (HpAlg) and gelatin (HpGel) were included as potential actuators for controlled release. The loading of additives (i.e., BCT, HpAlg, and HpGel) led to a decrease in the phase transition temperature of the cubic phase, evidenced by polarized optical microscopy. The hydrodynamic diameter of cubosomes was 148 to 187 nm, and it seemed not to be affected by the additives. Cubosome promoted the in vitro skin permeation of BCT more effectively than hydroxypropyl- β-cyclodextrin, a skin permeation enhancer. Cubosomal BCT was more efficacious than free BCT in scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and the intracellular reactive oxygen species of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by carcinogenic fine dust. The internalization of cubosomes into cells, confirmed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and super sensitive high resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy, could account for the higher radical-scavenging efficacy.