A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to investigate the performance and sludge characteristics of anammox process at moderate and low temperatures. The initial pH was 7.5 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 3 h. When temperature was 25-35 °C, nitrogen removal rate (NRR) fluctuated from 1.67 to 1.82 kg/m3·d. However, when temperature dropped to 15 oC, NRR suddenly decreased by 0.48 kg/m3·d. Larger activation energy was acquired at lower temperature, and it was difficult to achieve efficient nitrogen removal under low temperature. When temperature declined to 10 °C, ΔNO2 .-N/ΔNH4 +-N and ΔNO3 .-N/ΔNH4 +-N reached 1.02 and 0.27, respectively. Inhibition resulting from low temperature on anammox activity was recoverable, and the modified Boltzmann model was appropriate to analyze recovery feature of anammox process. Low temperature not only led to poor nitrogen removal, but also affected sludge size and feature.