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Issue
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,
Vol.32, No.9, 1789-1797, 2015
Hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm shell
Nizamuddin S, Jayakumar NS, Sahu J, Ganesan P, Bhutto AW, Mubarak NM
Palm shell is one of the most plentiful wastes of the palm oil mill industry. This study identifies the capability of hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) to convert palm shell into high energy hydrochar. The influence of reaction time and reaction temperature of the HTC process was investigated. The process parameters selected were temperature 200 oC to 240 oC, time 10 to 60min, and water to biomass ratio was fixed at 10 : 1 by weight %. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), elemental, proximate, Burner Emmett and Teller (BET), thermo-gravimetric (TGA) analyses were performed to characterize the product and the feed. The heating value (HHV) was increased from 12.24 MJ/kg (raw palm shell) to 22.11 MJ/kg (hydrochar produced at 240 oC and 60 min). The hydrochar yield exhibited a higher degree inverse proportionality with temperature and reaction time. Elemental analysis revealed an increase in carbon percentage and a proportional decrease in hydrogen and oxygen contents which caused higher value of HHV. The dehydration and decarboxylation reactions take place at higher temperatures during HTC resulting in the increase of carbon and decrease in oxygen values of hydrochar. The FESEM results reveal that the structure of raw palm shell was decomposed by HTC process. The pores on the surface of hydrochar increased as compared to the raw palm shell.
Keywords: Hydrothermal Carbonization; Palm Shell; Hydrochar; Characterization; Renewable Energy
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[Cited By]
  1. Park SH, Cho HJ, Ryu C, Park YK, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 36, 314, 2016
  2. Lee EH, Park RS, Kim H, Park SH, Jung SC, Jeon JK, Kim SC, Park YK, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 37, 18, 2016
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  4. Lee H, Kim YM, Lee IG, Jeon JK, Jung SC, Chung JD, Choi WG, Park YK, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 33(12), 3299, 2016
  5. Qureshi SS, Premchand, Javed M, Saeed S, Abro R, Mazari SA, Mubarak NM, Siddiqui MTH, Baloch HA, Nizamuddin S, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 38(4), 797, 2021
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