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Conflict of Interest
In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Publication history
Received January 28, 2026
Revised February 23, 2026
Accepted February 25, 2026
Available online July 25, 2026
articles This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Gold Nanocluster-Conjugated Magnetic Immunocomplexes for Quantitative Detection of C-Reactive Protein

Institute of Sustainable Earth and Environmental Dynamics (SEED), Pukyong National University 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University 2Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University 3Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University 4BB21+, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University
slee@pknu.ac.kr, bikeplay@pknu.ac.kr, hyonbin@mju.ac.kr
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, July 2026, 43(9), 2385-2394(10)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-026-00690-7

Abstract

In extinction-based immunosorbent assays, enzymes are commonly used as signal transducers; however, their intrinsic 

instability has prompted the search for more stable alternatives, such as inorganic nanomaterials. In this study, we developed

a robust signal transduction strategy utilizing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold nanoclusters

(AuNCs) to generate distinct and easily interpretable extinction signals, which were applied to C-reactive protein 

(CRP) quantification. To implement this, AuNCs and anti-CRP antibodies were co-immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles 

(MNPs), preparing “MagANC immunocomplexes” that can be rapidly purified via magnetic separation. By exploiting the 

seed-mediated growth of AuNCs, these immunocomplexes generated CRP-dependent extinction signals, enabling sensitive 

quantification. This approach effectively eliminates the need for unstable enzymes while leveraging the superparamagnetic 

properties of MNPs to simplify the purification process. The assay demonstrated a wide dynamic range of 0.001–1 µg/

mL with two complementary readouts: maximum LSPR wavelength (0.03–1 µg/mL) and the absorbance at 600 nm 

(0.001–0.03 µg/mL). The limit of detection (LOD) was 1.58 ng/mL. Furthermore, the method showed excellent reliability 

in CRP-spiked serum, with a mean recovery of 100.47% and a coefficient of variation of 4.79%. Overall, the proposed 

MagANC strategy offers a practical, enzyme-free alternative for clinical CRP diagnostics, delivering a wide dynamic range 

and competitive sensitivity with a simplified workflow.

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