Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received August 13, 2025
Revised November 14, 2025
Accepted December 28, 2025
Available online April 25, 2026
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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A Comprehensive Review, Future Possibilities and the Impact of Sustainable Battery Technologies for Practical Applications
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00642-7
Abstract
Recent studies have concentrated on the feasibility of several type of batteries including silicon-based, thin fi lm, bio based
and fl exible graphene-based batteries to expedite the commercial deployment of high-energy batteries. In the fi eld of
advanced battery technologies, it is essential to allocate additional research resources towards the investigation of innovative
silicon-based, graphene based, bio-based and thin fi lm batteries. This approach is crucial for achieving elevated volumetric
energy density. A key aspect of this endeavor is the strategic design of novel environmentally friendly components
alongside with employing theoretical simulations and in situ characterization techniques to examine the energy storage
mechanisms to gain a comprehension of the relationship between material structure and its performance. This review
study explores futuristic battery technology including silicon-based anodes, polymer-based batteries, ceramic batteries, 3D
printed batteries and graphene-based batteries for the fi rst time. All the above-mentioned battery technologies could be
suitable for environmentally sustainable methods for large-scale production, even if this necessitates minor reductions in
energy density. This review tries to highlight the technological feasibility of newer batteries, which are essential to foster
closer collaborations between academia and industry, as well as to invest more eff ort in streamlining synthetic processes
and reducing costs, thereby facilitating a broader range of consumer electronics with signifi cant societal implications. Silicon-based
anodes, utilizing alloying and conversion mechanisms, have attracted considerable interest in research owing to
their impressive theoretical capacities. The advancement of innovative techniques for thin fi lm ceramics has paved the way
for a new generation of lithium-ion batteries. The miniaturization of solid-state chemistries into fi lm form is expected to
enhance the diversity of lithium conductors. The bio-based batteries use extraction of organic molecules or polymers from
sources such as green plants, algae, and bacteria has emerged as promising candidates for cathode, anode and electrolyte.

