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- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received December 7, 2025
Accepted May 6, 2026
Available online September 25, 2026
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Latest issues
Numerical Investigation of Chlorine Bypass Probe Installation Position in Cement Pyroprocessing
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-026-00747-7
Abstract
One of the key challenges for sustainable cement production is the development of plastic waste co-processing technology.
When plastic waste is utilized as alternative fuels, the chlorine concentration in pyroprocessing increases with the
fuel substitution rate, resulting in flow path blockage and localized corrosion. Chlorine bypass (CBP) systems have been
applied as a control technology for such chloride deposition issues; however, design optimization studies are still required
to ensure efficient system operation. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the optimal probe installation position
that satisfies the required bypass ratio under fuel substitution rates exceeding 80%, using computational fluid dynamics
(CFD) analysis. Analysis of kiln gas flow fields and dust particle behavior showed that the probe installation position
caused noticeable differences in pressure loss, cooling performance, and the particle size distribution of bypassed dust. In
the center installation, only fine particles smaller than 16 µm were carried into the bypass stream. In contrast, the right
and left installations allowed coarse particles larger than 20 µm to represent approximately 54% and 56% of the total
bypassed mass flow rate, respectively. These results indicate that the center installation more effectively promotes chlorine
removal by selectively capturing fine particles. The findings of this study provide useful design and operational guidelines
for chlorine bypass probes in cement pyroprocessing

