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- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received July 6, 2025
Revised February 26, 2026
Accepted April 7, 2026
Available online September 25, 2026
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Latest issues
Constant flow oxygen generation with manganese oxide supported on spherical activated carbon using hydrogen peroxide decomposition
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-026-00724-0
Abstract
In situations where oxygen is scarce or absent, such as during prolonged diving or high-altitude mountaineering, or in
cases where breathing becomes impossible due to toxic substances like in fires or chemical, biological, or radiological
incidents, a device that supplies a specific amount of oxygen is necessary for survival. A Manganese Oxide/Spherical
Activated Carbon (Mn-SPAC) catalyst was produced for the purpose of creating a steady oxygen supply. This was
achieved through the carbonization and activation of manganese-exchanged resin under nitrogen and steam conditions.
The characteristics of Mn-SPAC were analyzed using pore characteristics analysis, XRD, FE-SEM, and XPS, focusing
on the amount of added manganese and carbonization time. To optimize conditions for generating a consistent amount
of oxygen, the synthesized catalyst was reacted with 30% hydrogen peroxide, and the amount of oxygen produced was
measured. In the optimized reaction setup, a consistent oxygen release was monitored for a duration of 20 min during
the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Comparative XPS studies conducted pre- and post-reaction demonstrated the
oxidation state of manganese following the process. These observations indicate that the newly developed catalyst is best
suited for one-time use scenarios.

