Overall
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received September 29, 2025
Revised November 13, 2025
Accepted December 1, 2025
Available online March 25, 2026
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Most Cited
Eff ects of Membrane Electrode Assembly Fabrication and Operation Parameters on the Performance of Anion Exchange Membrane Ammonia Electrolyzers
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00615-w
Abstract
Compared with conventional oxygen evolution reaction (OER)-paired electrolysis for hydrogen production, ammonia
oxidation reaction (AOR)-paired alkaline electrolysis off ers enhanced energy effi ciency and reduced costs. AOR-paired
electrolysis off ers a lower theoretical voltage (0.06 V) compared to the OER (1.23 V), enhancing thermodynamic favorability
owing to its lower theoretical voltage requirements but faces stability and performance challenges. However,
membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication and operational parameter optimization research related to catalyst
material development for AOR-paired systems is lacking. In this study, the cell assembly factors, including gasket thickness,
compression forces, thermal conditions, and membrane selection, are analyzed, and the electrolyte concentration and
electrochemical operating range are optimized for enhanced AOR-paired alkaline electrolysis performance. The optimal
gasket thickness and assembly pressure improve the electrical conductivity and reduce the contact resistance. Highertemperature
operation and appropriate anion-exchange membrane screening enhance the ionic conductivity and reaction
kinetics. The optimized KOH/NH 4 OH electrolyte concentration minimizes catalyst poisoning while maintaining high
catalytic activity. Strategic potential window optimization mitigates irreversible surface poisoning while enabling catalyst
recovery. Pulsed current protocols eliminate the reverse current phenomenon and electrode degradation by using cyclic
voltammetry methods. These integrated optimization strategies enhance the current density performance, demonstrating
the viability of AOR-paired electrolysis for practical hydrogen production applications.

