ISSN: 0256-1115 (print version) ISSN: 1975-7220 (electronic version)
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English
Conflict of Interest
In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Publication history
Received July 5, 2025
Revised September 8, 2025
Accepted September 28, 2025
Available online January 26, 2026
articles This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Advancing Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Predictions with the OPPES United Atom Forcefield for Associating Fluids

Kemira Water Solutions 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University
yongjin.lee@inha.ac.kr
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, January 2026, 43(2), 495-513(19)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00574-2

Abstract

In this study, we extend the OPPES united atom force field to normal alcohols, glycols, and alkoxyethanols by optimizing new

potential parameters based on the previously developed OPPES n-alkane and ether models. Bonded interaction parameters

were primarily adopted from the TraPPE-UA model, except for equilibrium bond lengths and bending angles, which were

obtained through density functional theory (DFT) geometry optimizations. Partial charges for ether oxygens and neighboring

carbon pseudo-atoms were taken from the OPPES ether model, while those for hydroxyl oxygens and hydrogens were

adopted from the AMBER model. The alpha carbon's charge was determined by enforcing charge neutrality. Lennard–Jones

(LJ) parameters for hydroxyl oxygen and hydrogen were fitted to experimental liquid densities and vapor pressures of

representative n-alcohols. Using the optimized parameters, we performed configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations in

the NVT ensemble for five n-alcohols (methanol to 1-octanol), two glycols (1, 2-ethanediol and 1,3-propanediol), and three

alkoxyethanols (2-methoxyethanol to 2-propoxyethanol). Additionally, NPT Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations were

conducted for a binary n-heptane + 2-propoxyethanol system to evaluate phase behavior and local composition enhancements.

Hydrogen bonding statistics were analyzed to assess the model’s performance in capturing associative interactions and fluid

structure. Overall, the OPPES model yielded improved predictions of thermophysical properties compared to the TraPPE-UA

model, especially near critical conditions, demonstrating its potential as a reliable and transferable force field for associating

fluids.

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