Overall
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received December 17, 2025
Revised March 9, 2026
Accepted March 27, 2026
Available online August 25, 2026
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Most Cited
Experimental and Machine Learning Investigation of VLE/VLLE Behavior in the Methyl Acetate–Methanol System Using ChCl: EG Deep Eutectic Solvent
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-026-00715-1
Abstract
The separation of azeotropic mixtures, such as methyl acetate and methanol remain a major challenge in chemical process
design due to strong molecular interactions and low relative volatilities. In this study, a green and efficient deep eutectic
solvent (DES) based on choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) (1:3) was introduced as a sustainable entrainer
to disrupt the azeotrope at 323.15 K. Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) and vapor–liquid–liquid equilibrium (VLLE) experiments
revealed complete azeotrope elimination at only 0.4 wt% DES loading, confirming its superior selectivity and
phase-splitting capability. Beyond the experimental findings, a Physics-Guided Artificial Neural Network–Gaussian Process
Regression (PI-ANN+GPR) hybrid framework was developed to predict key thermodynamic properties. The hybrid
model outperformed conventional regression methods by achieving near-perfect parity and statistically calibrated uncertainty
bounds (PICP₉₀ ≈ 0.90). This integrated experimental–computational approach not only validates ChCl: EG as a
viable green entrainer but also demonstrates a scalable machine learning route for data-efficient, uncertainty-aware design
of DES-assisted separations, establishing a new benchmark for reliability-driven solvent screening.

