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- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received July 8, 2024
Revised September 7, 2024
Accepted September 11, 2024
Available online July 26, 2025
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Most Cited
Interfacial Iontronics in Bioelectronics: From Skin-Attachable to Implantable Devices
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-024-00284-1
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices represent a transformative advancement in medical technology, redefi ning diagnosis, treatment, and
monitoring of various health conditions. These devices bridge the gap between electronic systems and human physiology
by leveraging the electrical dynamics of biological systems, particularly through the control of ion dynamics. Ion dynamics
are essential, as they drive the activation and deactivation of ion channels during neuronal communication and therapeutic
treatments, thus enhancing device effi cacy in clinical settings. However, traditional bioelectronic approaches face challenges
such as sensitivity, specifi city, and potential tissue damage from continuous voltage application. Iontronics, which integrates
ionic and electronic functionalities, emerges as a promising solution to address these issues, employing non-Faradaic processes
to prevent charge transfer across interfaces, thereby enhancing safety and performance in bioelectronic applications.
This review examines the fi eld of iontronics within bioelectronics, highlighting its crucial role in advancing bioelectronic
medicine towards more eff ective and personalized health monitoring. We explore the latest advancements in iontronics for
tactile perception, biochemical and electrophysiological sensing, neural interfaces, and therapeutic treatments. The discussion
concludes with future perspectives and challenges in iontronic-based bioelectronic devices, emphasizing the need for
continued innovation in iontronic materials to further refi ne the integration of these technologies within the medical fi eld.

