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In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Publication history
Received November 1, 2024
Revised February 9, 2025
Accepted February 12, 2025
Available online July 25, 2025
articles This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Thermal Decomposition and Combustion Performance of Energetic Materials/Ti Systems

School of Environment and Safety Engineering , North University of China 1Shanxi Jiangyang Xing’an Industrial Explosive Materials Co., Ltd 2Shanxi Jiangyang Chemical Co., Ltd 3Explosive Engineering and Safety Technology Research Institute of Ordnance Industry
hlsly1314@163.com, lvzhixing0924@163.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, July 2025, 42(8), 000042
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00418-z

Abstract

The output energy properties of the AP/Ti, Cl-20/Ti, HMX/Ti, and DAP-4/Ti mixtures were compared using an oxygen

bomb calorimeter. The thermal decomposition processes of the above four kinds of mixed energetic materials were studied

with a diff erential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and the apparent activation energies of the mixed materials were calculated

using the Kissinger equation. The combustion fl ames of the four energetic materials were captured through high-speed photography,

and the combustion properties of the mixed energetic materials with titanium powders were analyzed. The results

indicate that the combustion heat value of DAP-4/Ti mixed energetic materials is up to 10,133 J·g −1 , signifi cantly higher than

the 8613 J·g −1 of the Cl-20/Ti mixture and the 9720 J·g −1 of the HMX/Ti mixture. The combustion process of the DAP-4/

Ti mixture only takes 145 ms. The heat release, burning rate, and fl ame strength of the DAP-4/Ti mixture are better than

those of other mixed energetic materials. The calculated apparent activation energy of DAP-4/Ti mixture is 150.4 kJ·mol −1 ,

which is 55 kJ·mol −1 lower than that of DAP-4. The apparent activation energies of Cl-20/Ti and HMX/Ti are 173.6 kJ·mol −1

and 317.2 kJ·mol −1 , respectively. These fi ndings demonstrate that DAP-4/Ti mixed energetic materials exhibit good energy

characteristics and combustion performance.

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