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Language: English

Conflict of Interest: In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Publication history: Received August 5, 2024
Accepted February 21, 2025
Available online May 25, 2025

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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PVDF/CuO–VS 4 Dual-Layer Hollow Fiber Photocatalytic Membrane for Bisphenol A Removal with Energy Storage Capability

Hazirah Syahirah Zakria Mohd Hafi z Dzarfan Othman Suhaila Borhamdin Nurul Jannah Ismail Mukhlis A. Rahman Juhana Jaafar Mohd Hafiz Puteh Norbaya Hashim Nirmala Devi AP Kerisnan Nasehir Khan E. M. Yahaya Alias Idris onni Agustiono Kurniawan

Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC) , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , 81310 Johor Bahru , Malaysia ¹Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , 81310 Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia ²Faculty of Civil Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai , 81310 Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia ³National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) , Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai , 43300 Seri Kembangan , Selangor , Malaysia ⁴Sewerage Service Department (JPP) , Block B, Level 2 & 3, Atmosphere PjH No 2, Jalan Tun Abdul Razak, Precinct 2 , 62100 Federal Territory of Putrajaya , Malaysia ⁵Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology , Xiamen University, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , People’s Republic of China

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, May 2025, 42(5), 1055-1070(16)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00430-3

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is toxic and its outfl ow into the water bodies raised concern, and suitable water treatment is needed.

Photocatalysis is a promising method nowadays to move towards green technology. The novel photocatalytic dual-layer

hollow-fi ber membrane (DLHF) combines copper (II) oxide–vanadium tetrasulfi de (CuO–VS 4 ) with a polyvinylidene fl uoride

(PVDF) membrane for effi cient BPA removal both day and night. CuO and CuO–VS 4 were synthesized using sol–gel and

hydrothermal methods, respectively, with varying hydrothermal times. PVDF/CuO–VS 4 DLHF photocatalytic membrane

was fabricated using co-extrusion method by varying the ratio of CuO–VS 4 . Powdered catalyst and membranes were characterized

using FESEM-EDX, XRD and AFM. CuO was synthesized at room temperature, while CuO–VS 4 synthesized at

12 h hydrothermal time was chosen to be deposited into PVDF membrane matrix. The 0.25 PVDF/CuO–VS 4 DLHF shows

a uniform CuO–VS 4 distribution, achieving 70.24% photodegradation and 73.19% BPA rejection, with 74.05% regeneration

effi ciency after three cycles. Energy storage capability shows 60.0% of BPA successfully rejected after 120 min of analysis,

and thus, PVDF/CuO–VS 4 DLHF is a preferential 3-in-1 function photocatalytic membrane for BPA degradation and rejection

as well as a potential energy storage material for wastewater treatment with or without light.

Keywords

Bisphenol A · Energy storage · CuO–VS 4 · Photocatalytic membrane