This short review examines solid reaction mediums—specifically oxygen, CO2,

and carbon carriers—within the framework

of Chemical Looping (CL) to illuminate various CO2

utilization pathways. The thermodynamic consideration for carrier

selection is first discussed. This is followed by a summary of the key carrier types investigated to date, with an emphasis on

elucidating the roles of compositional, structural, and surface properties of the various carriers toward their reactive performances.

Besides assessing the performances of various oxygen carriers, their long-term performance, potential deactivation

mechanism in the presence of CO2,

and strategies for their reactivation are also discussed in the context of chemical looping

dry reforming of methane (CLDRM). While relatively underexplored, the current status of development, advantages, and

potential limitations of CO2

carriers in sorbent looping dry reforming of methane (SLDRM) and carbon carriers in chemical

looping methane cracking (CLMC) are also reviewed and discussed. Emerging topics such as combined carriers are also

covered along with a perspective for future research directions. Overall, this review aims to offer insights into the sustainable

use of CO2

through chemical looping, emphasizing the potential of solid reaction mediums across different carriers and the

challenges associated with these solid reaction mediums.