ISSN: 0256-1115 (print version) ISSN: 1975-7220 (electronic version)
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English
Conflict of Interest
In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Publication history
Received October 16, 2024
Revised February 8, 2025
Accepted February 12, 2025
Available online October 25, 2025
articles This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Most Cited

Life Cycle Assessment of Recyclable and Non-recyclable Wind Turbine Blade Materials: a Case Study of South Korea’s Off shore Wind Farm

Korean Register
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, October 2025, 42(12), 2887-2909(23)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00423-2

Abstract

The global shift toward low-carbon growth policies has signifi cantly expanded wind energy projects worldwide. South

Korea plans to increase its wind energy capacity to 37 GW, up from the existing 1.97 GW as of 2024. However, wind turbine

blades have an average lifespan of 20–25 years and the growth of the wind turbine market has raised issues regarding their

recycling. Traditionally, discarded blades have been landfi lled or incinerated, contradicting global carbon neutrality policies.

To address these issues, developing and using recyclable materials in the design and manufacturing of blades is essential.

In Korea, eff orts have begun to develop technologies for recycling wind turbine blade materials, which are expected to

reduce environmental impacts. To assess these reduction eff ects, this study conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the

recyclable materials of wind turbine blades. To understand the environmental reduction impact intuitively, the application

of recyclable blade materials to an off shore wind farm (60 MW) in South Korea was simulated. The environmental impact

of the wind farm was quantitatively analyzed by comparing the eff ects between cases of using conventional (non-recyclable)

and recyclable materials. The environmental reduction eff ects of several single impacts and impact categories were analyzed

for whole life cycle of the wind farm under the life cycle using recycled (scenario I) and non-recycled (scenario II) epoxy

resins. Carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 15,140 Mt if the epoxy resin is recycled. Carbon monoxide and sulfuric

acid have a diff erence of 85 Mt and 211 kg between two scenarios, respectively. The environmental mitigation eff ects for

global warming potential(climate change), ozone depletion, and acidifi cation show 18,816 Mt∙CO 2 -Eq, 519 kg∙CFC-11-Eq

and 127,331,681 mol H + -Eq respectively. In conclusion, the LCA revealed that the environmental impact of wind turbine

blades can be reduced by using a recyclable blade epoxy resin. Specifi cally, the result of this research shows a signifi cant

mitigation eff ect for carbon dioxide emission, monoxide emission, global warming potential and acidifi cation impacts. Even

though current recyclable wind turbine blade materials do not have a remarkable advantage compared to conventional ones,

the results from this study will support to justify development of the technology and commercialization of recyclable blade

resins.

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