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- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received February 9, 2025
Revised April 19, 2025
Accepted April 24, 2025
Available online September 25, 2025
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Most Cited
Noncatalytic Solid-State Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride with Sodium Metaborate Hydrate
https://doi.org/
Abstract
Due to the rapid depletion of fossil fuels and pollution from their use, fi nding an alternative fuel is becoming increasingly
important. Hydrogen is considered one of the best contenders, as its by-product is water. However, safe methods to store
hydrogen must be developed to use hydrogen as an eff ective energy carrier or source. Sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 , SBH) has
been attracting great attention as a hydrogen storage material because of its relatively high hydrogen content and low material
cost. Hydrogen can be produced through thermolysis or hydrolysis of SBH. Unfortunately, thermolysis requires extremely
high temperatures (> 300 °C), while hydrolysis needs an excessive amount of water because the solubilities of SBH and the
spent fuel in water are low. In addition, when SBH is present with water, it can cause problems in safety and storage due to
the spontaneous generation of hydrogen. In our prior work, it has been demonstrated that solid-state hydrolysis of SBH off ers
improved safety and high hydrogen yield. Despite these favorable outcomes, separating the products to regenerate spent
fuel to lower the overall cost remains challenging. Here, we proposed the hydrolysis of SBH and water formed by thermal
dehydration of sodium metaborate tetrahydrate (NaBO 2 4H 2 O, SMB4H). Since the mixture of SBH and SMB4H is stable
at ambient conditions, the safety risk due to self-hydrolysis of SBH is eliminated. Additionally, since the fi nal products are
homogeneous with sodium metaborate (NaBO 4 · x H 2 O, SMB), a product of the hydrolysis of SBH, it is expected that separation
cost can be saved when regenerating the spent fuel. Using this approach, maximum overall H 2 yields of 4.7 and 5.1wt% were
obtained at 200 and 250 °C, respectively. With high hydrogen yield and safety and potential reduction in separating process
costs during regeneration, this proposed method is promising for hydrogen storage for fuel cell applications.

