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Language: English

Conflict of Interest: In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Publication history: Received March 30, 2025
Revised May 27, 2025
Accepted June 20, 2025
Available online September 25, 2025

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Strategies for Urban Hydrogen Utilization: A Focus on Fuel Cell Technology and Hydrogen Infrastructure Development

Dae-Kyo Oh Sangmin Ha Krishnan Veeramani¹ Yoongu Lim² Dae Jun Moon^{2 3} Gyoung Hwa Jeong^{2 3} Juhwang Kim² Subramani Surendran² Xiaoyan Lu⁴ Heechae Choi⁵ Gibum Kwon⁶ Young-Hoon Yun^† Uk Sim^{2 3†}

Department of Energy Engineering, Graduate School , Dongshin University ¹Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Chonnam National University ²Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory , Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH) ³Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC ⁴College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials , Luoyang Normal University ⁵Department of Chemistry , Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University ⁶Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Kansas

yunh2@dsu.ac.kr, usim@kentech.ac.kr

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, September 2025, 42(11), 2439-2453(15)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00507-z

Abstract

Hydrogen energy plays an essential role in our society, including in manufacturing, living standards, environmental sustainability,

and the economy. To achieve a hydrogen society, we must incorporate technological developments and effi cient

design methodologies for hydrogen generation, storage, transportation, and utilization. In this context, we thoroughly analyzed

recent developments, boundaries, and future directions in hydrogen production, storage, distribution, and utilization.

It is essential to shift toward sustainable green hydrogen production, replacing conventional gray hydrogen and transitional

blue hydrogen generation that utilizes renewable energy resources. Based on a comprehensive study, we postulate that high

electricity consumption is the most signifi cant factor contributing to the costs associated with green hydrogen production.

This review also discusses measures to reduce electricity consumption. Hence, this review will off er crucial prospects for

establishing the hydrogen economy.

Keywords

Hydrogen energy · Fuel cell · Hydrogen infrastructure · Water electrolysis