Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received December 1, 2025
Revised January 25, 2026
Accepted February 11, 2026
Available online June 26, 2026
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
All issues
Evaluation of Ingredient Transparency in Chemical Products and Its Influence on Consumer Trust and Safety Perception
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-026-00675-6
Abstract
This study quantitatively examined how ingredient transparency in household chemical products, specifically liquid air
fresheners, influences consumer behavior and ingredient risk perception. Survey data from 138 adult consumers in Seoul
were analyzed using correlation and regression models, supplemented by ingredient-level hazard information. Results
revealed that ingredient disclosure importance (β=0.38, p<0.001) and chemical risk perception (β=0.21, p=0.004) were
significantly associated with higher brand trust, which in turn was positively associated with repurchase intention (β=0.46,
p<0.001) and ingredient risk perception (β=0.27, p<0.001). Price sensitivity showed a weak but statistically significant
negative association (β = −0.12, p=0.042). In the complementary hazard-score evaluation, base components accounted
for approximately 78–80% w/w of total hazard, whereas fragrance components contributed 20–22% w/w, with several
high-toxicity ingredients (Ti = 8) exerting relatively higher contributions despite low formulation ratios. The behavioral
and hazard-based findings collectively suggest that information transparency, rather than absolute hazard magnitude, plays
a more influential role in shaping consumer trust and product evaluation. The proposed framework can be reproduced
to assess ingredient transparency in other household chemical products and to support safety-oriented communication
strategies.

