Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received October 15, 2025
Revised December 11, 2025
Accepted January 5, 2026
Available online April 25, 2026
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Bismuth-based Catalysts for Effi cient Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Reaction: A Mini-review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-026-00647-w
Abstract
Bismuth-based semiconductor materials exhibit tremendous potential in photocatalytic CO 2 reduction reactions (CO 2 RR)
due to their unique layered structure, suitable bandgap, excellent visible-light responsiveness, and photochemical stability.
As environmentally friendly photocatalysts, bismuth-based materials have garnered extensive attention for alleviating
energy crises and environmental pollution. However, challenges persist in large-scale applications for bismuth-based
catalysts, including high photogenerated carrier recombination rates, limited visible-light response ranges, and insuffi cient
photocatalytic activity. This paper systematically reviews recent research progress on bismuth-based catalysts for photocatalytic
CO 2 reduction, focusing on three categories of bismuth-based materials: Bi, Bi 2 O 3 and BiOX (X = Cl, Br or I).
It highlights their respective advantages and disadvantages, along with constructive optimization strategies to enhance
catalytic effi ciency
