Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables the fabrication of intricate tissue constructs for regenerative medicine and

drug delivery. By precisely depositing bioinks composed of living cells and biomaterials in predefined spatial arrangements,

functional tissue models that mimic native microenvironments can be produced. However, maintaining high cell

viability during printing remains a major challenge due to shear stress-induced cellular damage. Complex coacervation has

emerged as a promising formulation strategy to address these limitations. Coacervate-based bioinks exhibit shear-thinning

behavior, rapid structural recovery, and tunable yield stress, enabling high-resolution printing with improved shape fidelity.

Moreover, they provide a cell-compatible microenvironment that enhances post-printing viability. This review highlights

recent advances in coacervate bioink development, emphasizing key parameters such as pH, ionic strength, and polymer

composition that govern phase behavior and rheology. Applications ranging from soft tissue regeneration to mechanically

robust scaffold fabrication are discussed, offering insights for the design of next-generation bioinks with enhanced printability

and biological functionality across biomedical engineering, food engineering, and materials science.