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- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received April 9, 2026
Accepted July 15, 2026
Available online November 25, 2026
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Fluorinated Two-Dimensional Carbon Sheets with LiF-Rich Interfaces for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-026-00788-y
Abstract
Graphite anodes have limited current density performance, which restricts their application in fast-charging lithium-ion
batteries (LIBs). In this study, fluorinated pitch-derived carbon sheets (FPCS) were synthesized from petroleum pitch using
a NaCl template followed by NF3 plasma treatment. The NaCl template process generated thin, two-dimensional (2D) carbon
sheets with wide interlayer spacing, shortening the diffusion path for lithium-ions. Subsequent NF3 plasma treatment
introduced fluorine functional groups, forming semi-ionic C–F bonds, which promoted the formation of a LiF-rich solid
electrolyte interphase, enhancing interfacial stability and ion transport. As a result, the FPCS exhibited a capacity of 210
mAh/g at 5 A/g, representing a 37% increase over the raw sample. Furthermore, it demonstrated excellent cycling stability,
maintaining a capacity of 190 mAh/g, even after 250 cycles at a current density of 1 A/g. These results demonstrate
that the synergistic effect of template-assisted 2D structure and plasma fluorination enhances ion transport and interfacial
stability, presenting a practical strategy for high-rate LIBs.
