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- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received June 1, 2026
Accepted July 7, 2026
Available online November 25, 2026
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Effect of Radical Scavenging Extender on the Chemical Stability of Anion Exchange Membrane Under Alkaline Conditions
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-026-00786-0
Abstract
A radical-scavenging extender is investigated as a novel strategy for improving the chemical stability of anion exchange
membranes (AEMs). Unlike typical alkyl chain extenders used in AEMs, the bulky piperidine derivative 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
(TEMPO), which possesses a redox-active core structure, improved the chemical stability of AEMs by
serving as both a radical scavenger and a chain extender. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl and superoxide
radicals (∙OH and ∙O2
–
), which contribute to AEM degradation, were efficiently scavenged through the reversible TEMPO/
TEMPO+
redox cycle. Simultaneously, the bulky TEMPO moiety also increased steric hindrance around the quaternary
ammonium groups, thereby suppressing hydroxide-induced SN2 degradation by hindering nucleophilic attack of hydroxide
ions on the α-carbon adjacent to the ammonium group. As a result, the QPPO-35-TEMPO membrane exhibited much
greater chemical stability than QPPO-25-TMA, QPPO-30-DMHA, and QPPO-35-DATMP, confirming the effectiveness
of the radical-scavenging-extender concept. QPPO-35-TEMPO retained its ionic conductivity after 500 h in 1 M KOH
at 80 °C and achieved a current density of 3.69 A cm–2 at 2.0 V in alkaline water electrolysis and a peak power density
of 0.49 W cm–2 in fuel cells. When applied as an anode ionomer, QPPO-35-TEMPO further improved the electrode performance.
This work establishes the radical-scavenging-extender concept as a promising molecular design strategy for
developing chemically durable and high-performance AEMs for alkaline electrochemical energy technologies.

