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- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received March 19, 2026
Accepted June 8, 2026
Available online October 25, 2026
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Performance Enhancement of Quasi-2D Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Phase Control by Volatile Antisolvent Treatment
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-026-00774-4
Abstract
Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for high-performance light-emitting
diodes (LEDs) due to their unique energy funneling mechanism. However, uncontrollable phase distribution during film
crystallization often leads to excessive formation of lower n-phases, which hinder efficient charge transport and radiative
recombination. In this study, we demonstrate a facile and effective strategy to modulate the phase distribution and crystallinity
of quasi-2D perovskite PEA2(FA0.7Cs0.3)n−1PbnBr3n+1 thin films using a volatile antisolvent, isopropyl alcohol (IPA).
Structural and optical investigations revealed that the IPA treatment effectively suppressed the insulating lower n-phases
(n<2) and promoted the growth of higher n-domains (n>3). Optimized IPA treatment of 100 µl yields a high photoluminescence
quantum yield and balanced energy funneling, whereas excessive IPA (>300 µl) leads to phase oversimplification
and morphological defects. Consequently, the green LED fabricated with 100 µl of IPA-treated emissive layer achieved a
remarkable peak external quantum efficiency of 19.2% and high luminance, representing a nearly fivefold improvement
over the pristine device. This work verifies the critical role of volatile antisolvent engineering in tailoring the energy
landscape for high-efficiency perovskite optoelectronics.

