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- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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Received March 10, 2026
Accepted May 21, 2026
Available online September 25, 2026
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Decomposition Characteristics of Doxycycline by Visible-Light-Active Tb/Mg-Doped TiO₂ Photocatalyst Prepared using Liquid-Phase Plasma Synthesis Method
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-026-00755-7
Abstract
In this study, Tb/Mg-doped TiO2 responsive to visible light was successfully prepared using a novel liquid-phase plasma
synthesis method, and its photocatalytic activity was evaluated for use in the doxycycline decomposition reaction. The
Ti-O-Tb and Ti-O-Mg bonds dispersed in the gaps of the TiO2 lattice by doping formed a charge imbalance, which effectively
separated the photogenerated electrons and holes and suppressed their recombination by generating more oxygen
vacancies and Ti3+. The Tb/Mg-doped TiO2 photocatalyst showed a decomposition reaction rate constant (k) that was up to
twice that of bare TiO2. When the two components were co-doped, the band gap energy and PL emission were weakened
to the maximum because of the synergistic effect achieved, compared to doping with only one component. In addition,
the photoelectric effect was enhanced by increasing electron-hole separation, suppressing recombination, and increasing
the generation of strong oxidants. Tb/Mg-doped TiO2 prepared by LPPSM was a reusable photocatalyst with stable photocatalytic
activity, and doxycycline was estimated to be decomposed through two pathways: hydroxylation, deamination,
decarboxylation, C–C bond cleavage, and a ring-opening reaction.
