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- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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Received October 13, 2025
Accepted May 18, 2026
Available online September 25, 2026
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Comparison on the Absorption Capacity of Dipentaerythritol Esters for HFC-134a and HFO-1234ze(E): Solubility Measurement and Modelling
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-026-00757-5
Abstract
Due to the extremely low global warming potential (GWP) and good performance, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234ze(E))
is considered as one of the substitutions for widely used 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) in refrigeration
industry. The solubility of HFO-1234ze(E) with lubricant is essential for the optimization of refrigeration system.
Dipentaerythritol ester (DiPE) is one of the pure components of polyol ester (POE) lubricant. In order to elucidate the
absorption capacity of DiPEs for HFO-1234ze(E), its solubilities in three DiPEs including dipentaerythritol hexapentanoate
(DiPEC5), dipentaerythritol hexaheptanoate (DiPEC7), and dipentaerythritol isononanoate (DiPEiC9) were measured
from 283.15 K to 343.15 K in this work. Meanwhile, for comparison purpose, the solubilities of HFC-134a in DiPEs
were also determined. The measurement was carried out using isochoric saturation method. The experimental data were
correlated using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model, achieving an absolute average relative deviation of less than
1% for HFO-1234ze(E)/DiPEs and HFC-134a/DiPEs mixtures. In addition, the comparison for absorption capacity of
DiPE for HFO-1234ze(E) and HFC-134a was conducted. At the same conditions, HFO-1234ze(E) is more soluble in
DiPEs than HFC-134a.
