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Language: English

Conflict of Interest: In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Publication history: Received December 26, 2024
Accepted March 11, 2025
Available online June 25, 2025

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Design Strategies and Performance Enhancement Techniques for LiFePO 4 -Based Li Metal Battery Systems

Jiwon Choi^{1 2} Jihyeon Kang^{1 2} Chaerim Kim^{1 2} Chaerin Jung^{1 2} Raehyeong Lee^{1 2} Mihee Park^{3 4} Minjoon Park^{1 2}

Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Pusan National University , 50, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea ¹Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Pusan National University , Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea ²Department of Nano Fusion Technology , Pusan National University , Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea ³Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Pusan National University , Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea ⁴Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Pusan National University , Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, June 2025, 42(7), 1427-1451(25)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00446-9

Abstract

LiFePO 4 (LFP) batteries are a promising choice for electric vehicles and energy storage systems owing to their excellent

long cycle life, thermal stability, and high energy density. Various strategies have been studied, including advancements in

LFP active materials, electrolyte additives, current collectors, and binders. Despite the ongoing research, the practical fabrication

of both LFP cathodes and lithium metal anodes (LMAs) remains challenging, limiting their industrial application.

In addition to advancements in cathode materials, extensive research has been dedicated to lithium (Li) metal batteries to

improve energy density. However, challenges associated with Li metal anodes, such as Li volume expansion and dendrite

growth, often result in short circuits during Li plating/stripping processes. To address these issues, various strategies have

been explored, including enhancing the lithiophilicity of Cu current collectors and utilizing 3D host structures. This review

discusses the design and strategies for performance enhancement of various LFP electrodes and Li metal and, with emphasis

on the development of materials and cell design.

Keywords

Lithium-ion battery · Lithium metal battery · Lithium iron phosphate cathode · Li metal anode · Lithiophilicity