This research presents a groundbreaking approach to address water contamination by Bisphenol A (BPA) using a sustainable

and environmentally friendly porous metal–carbon composite (PMCC) derived from municipal solid waste incineration

(MSWI) remnants. The study focuses on extracting of zinc (Zn) from MSWI fl y ash, and subsequently utilizing the 

recovered metal for synthesizing an innovative PMCC. The composite with a high surface area (225.6 m 2 g −1 ) demonstrates 

remarkable effi ciency in adsorbing BPA, a signifi cant water pollutant with adverse health eff ects. The successful preparation 

of the composite was confi rmed by various analytical techniques, including FTIR, FESEM, XRD, and BET. The research 

employs response surface methodology to optimize the removal process and validates the model through statistical analysis. 

Maximum removal effi ciency of 99.6% was achieved under the optimal values for adsorbent and reaction time of 0.862 g L −1 

and 50 min, respectively, for BPA with a concentration of 23.8 mg L −1 . Additionally, this study investigated BPA adsorption

isotherms and kinetic models, revealing the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model as the most 

appropriate models for characterizing the adsorbent behavior. The regeneration and reusability of the PMCC were explored, 

indicating its potential for industrial applications. Overall, this research pioneers a sustainable approach to water treatment

by integrating waste-derived material into the synthesizing of eff ective adsorbents for environmental remediation.