Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
-
Received September 13, 2024
Accepted November 1, 2024
Available online March 25, 2025
-
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
All issues
Preparation of High-Quality ZSM-22 Nanocrystals by the Seed-Assisted Method from Industrial Raw Materials
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-024-00329-5
Abstract
It is of great importance to deeply understand the engineering scale-up process of synthesis of zeolite in both fundamental
research and industrial applications. Here we report high-quality ZSM-22 nanocrystals synthesized from industrial raw
materials by adding ZSM-22 seed at 20-L scale. The optimal synthesis conditions and the infl uence of seed during the
synthesis of ZSM-22 using industrial materials are investigated. The role of the seed in the zeolite synthesis is to promote
nucleation and the quality of ZSM-22. From the results of XRD patterns, N 2 sorption, 27 Al NMR spectra, SEM image, TEM
image, and NH 3 -TPD profi les characterization, it is found that adding seed is an eff ective method for synthesis of ZSM-22
using the industrial raw materials. A successful synthesis of ZSM-22 nanocrystals is proved with two diff erent silica sol as
indicated by the XRD patterns. High-quality ZSM-22 nanocrystals are successfully synthesized by a seeded approach and
this synthesis can be scaled up to a 20-L reactor without obvious change in the zeolite properties and exhibits comparable
catalytic performance with commercial ZSM-22 in butanol to hydrocarbon reaction.

