Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
-
Received August 5, 2025
Revised September 2, 2025
Accepted September 15, 2025
Available online December 25, 2025
-
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
All issues
An Empirical Analysis of Energy Consumption and Efficiency in a Commercial On‑site Hydrogen Refueling Station
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00562-6
Abstract
Based on empirical data from a commercial on-site hydrogen refueling station, this study quantitatively analyzes the system’s
energy consumption structure and the root causes of its inefficiency. The analysis revealed that while the share of total energy
consumption was highest in the order of production (51.0%), compression (36.3%), and dispensing (12.7%), the contribution
to overall inefficiency, as measured by Specific Energy Consumption (SEC), showed a different distribution: production
(35.9%), compression (28.9%), and dispensing (35.2%). Notably, the dispensing process, despite being the smallest total
energy consumer, was a primary source of the system’s overall energy inefficiency, revealing a significant structural problem.
The inefficiency in the production process was primarily caused by performance degradation under low-load conditions,
whereas the dispensing process’s inefficiency stemmed from substantial standby power losses from its continuously operating
chiller. These findings quantitatively demonstrate that a mismatch between operating conditions and actual demand is
the most fundamental problem degrading the efficiency of the on-site hydrogen refueling station.
