To clarify the influence of the coexistence of Na, P, and Fe on agglomeration and defluidization, they were added to simulated

waste, and the operating parameters changed. Furthermore, P/Na, Fe/Na and P/Na/Fe:Na ratios are altered during the

experiment. Increasing the P/Na ratio gradually prolongs the time to agglomeration and defluidization, suggesting that the

presence of P suppresses agglomeration. Furthermore, increasing the Fe/Na ratio leads to a downward trend in the time

required for agglomeration and defluidization. Hence, the presence of Fe appears to increase the probability of agglomeration

and shorten the time required for agglomeration and defluidization. In the presence of all three elements, a P/Fe/Na ratio of

0.1/1/1 yields the shortest time for agglomeration and defluidization, suggesting that this condition is highly susceptible to

agglomeration. When the P/Fe/Na ratio is 0.6/5/1, the time to agglomeration and defluidization is the longest. By simultaneously

comparing the results from different P/Na and Fe/Na ratios, although the presence of Fe promotes agglomeration and

defluidization, the effect of P is greater than that of Fe. Hence, the coexistence of Na, P, and Fe results in a longer time for

agglomeration and defluidization when compared to that in the sole presence of Na.