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- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received May 19, 2025
Accepted July 12, 2025
Available online November 25, 2025
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Regeneration of Cellulose from Ionic Liquids Using Organic Anti‑solvents
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00519-9
Abstract
Woody biomass constitutes the most significant biological waste in the world. Cellulose, a significant part of woody biomass,
can be converted into various chemicals. One way to extract cellulose is dissolving biomass in ionic liquids. Because of the
high cost of ionic liquids, recycling them is essential. While water is used as an anti-solvent, the strong interactions between
the ionic liquids and water lead to significantly higher energy demand for the separation of ionic liquids from water than
the separation of ionic liquids from other organic solvents. This study investigated organic solvents with low boiling points
and various polarities as anti-solvents to explore their influence on the structural and thermal characteristics of cellulose
regenerated from ionic liquids. Scanning electron microscopy images and X-ray diffraction data showed that the crystalline
peaks of cellulose regenerated using organic solvents and water collapsed. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the
decomposition temperatures shifted to lower temperatures after the extraction. We found that the characteristics of cellulose
regenerated using organic anti-solvents were similar to those of cellulose regenerated using water in terms of structure and
thermal stability.
