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- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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Received June 11, 2025
Accepted July 30, 2025
Available online November 25, 2025
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Comparative Analysis of Static and Dynamic Properties of Polyurethane Foams Fabricated Using Polycarbonate Diol and Isophorone Diisocyanate
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00534-w
Abstract
Flexible polyurethane (FPU) foam was fabricated by varying the contents of polycarbonate diol (PCD) and isophorone
diisocyanate (IPDI), and its static and dynamic properties were evaluated. Increasing the PCD content enhanced rigidity
owing to stronger hydrogen bonding, which resulted in a higher sag factor and hysteresis loss. However, incorporating IPDI
at an optimal NCO index of 0.2 improved network flexibility and reduced microphase separation, thereby decreasing the
hysteresis loss by approximately 20%. Morphological analysis revealed that the PCD and IPDI contents influenced both cavity
and pore sizes through variations in the system viscosity and reaction rate. Fourier-transform infrared analysis confirmed
a lower reaction rate with higher PCD and IPDI contents, attributable to increased viscosity and steric hindrance. Dynamic
mechanical analysis showed that the addition of IPDI lowered the glass transition temperature and increased the damping
factor (tan δ), indicating improved vibration damping. These results suggest that balanced contents of PCD and IPDI can
improve both the comfort and mechanical performance of FPU foam.
