Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received December 11, 2024
Revised January 15, 2025
Accepted January 21, 2025
Available online August 25, 2025
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Green and Scalable Synthesis of Superhydrophobic Carbon Quantum Dots (S‑CQDs) for Self‑Cleaning Textiles
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00403-6
Abstract
Superhydrophobic materials are gaining significant interest for their self-cleaning properties. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs)
offer a promising avenue due to their unique nanostructure and tunable properties. However, traditional CQD synthesis
methods often suffer from low yields and complex purification processes. This study presents a facile one-step hydrothermal
synthesis of superhydrophobic carbon quantum dots (SCQDs) using dithiobenzoic acid and melamine, with an eco-friendly
hydrophobic passivating agent. This approach yields SCQDs with a production yield exceeding 80% and a scalable purification
technique involving solvent-induced precipitation and microfiltration. The synthesized SCQDs exhibit crystalline carbon
cores of 2–8 nm, fully encapsulated by hydrophobic polymeric chains, resulting in exceptional superhydrophobic properties.
Water droplets readily roll off SCQD-treated surfaces, achieving a contact angle of 163.64°. To demonstrate practical
application, SCQDs were coated onto textile fabric using a simple dip-coating method with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
binder. The SCQD-coated fabric exhibits self-cleaning properties, even at a 10° inclination angle, while maintaining fabric
porosity. This facile and scalable approach for producing SCQDs opens up new possibilities for various self-cleaning applications,
including healthcare and outdoor wearables. The exceptional durability and environmental friendliness of SCQDs
make them a promising solution for sustainable and efficient self-cleaning technologies.

