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- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received December 18, 2024
Revised March 8, 2025
Accepted April 2, 2025
Available online August 25, 2025
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Catalytic Ethylene Oligomerization over Ni‑Loaded X‑AlSBA‑15 (X = Gd, Y, La, and Sm) Catalysts
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-025-00449-6
Abstract
This study evaluated the performance of Ni-X-AlSBA-15 (X = Y, Sm, Gd, and La) catalysts in the ethylene oligomerization
processes. The effects of Y, Sm, Gd, and La promoters on the ethylene oligomerization process were examined. The
Ni-X-AlSBA-15 (X = Y, Sm, Gd, and La) catalysts demonstrated a considerably enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity
compared with that of Ni-AlSBA-15. In particular, the Ni-Gd-AlSBA-15 catalyst achieved the highest conversion of ethylene
to butene (50.0 wt.%) after 12 h of time on stream. These enhancements were attributed to the improved dispersion of active
sites, the presence of oxygen vacancies, and the optimized densities of the acid and Ni sites, which collectively enhanced the
rate of adsorption of ethylene molecules. An increase in the selectivity of butylene (≥ 80%) confirmed that the gadolinium
as a promoter had a positive effect on the catalytic activity. Overall, the Gd promoter, coupled with the remarkable benefits
of AlSBA-15 in Ni-based catalysts, is promising for butene generation through ethylene oligomerization.
