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- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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Received August 22, 2024
Accepted September 22, 2024
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Highly Dispersed Ligand-Free SnO 2 for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-024-00289-w
Abstract
Ligand-free SnO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized via a non-hydrolytic route using benzyl alcohol, resulting in well-crystallized
SnO 2 with a size below 20 nm. The dispersibility of these SnO 2 nanoparticles was optimized using Hansen solubility
parameters, achieving stable dispersion in a mixed solvent composed of isopropanol and chlorobenzene in a 2:8 volume
ratio. The SnO 2 layer was deposited on the perovskite layer via spin-coating, forming a uniform and compact layer with
effi cient charge transfer properties. Photovoltaic performance analysis revealed that p-i-n perovskite solar cells with SnO 2
electron transport layer achieved a power conversion effi ciency of 13.4%, compared to 15.8% for perovskite solar cells with
PCBM/ZnO electron transport layer. The lower power conversion effi ciency with SnO 2 electron transport layer is attributed
to decreased open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) due to surface defects. Despite this, the direct deposition of ligand-free SnO 2 thin
fi lm using a solution process is signifi cant, and ongoing research aims to further enhance performance.
