This review highlights recent advancements in stabilizing perovskite-quantum dots (PQDs) for biomedical applications.

PQDs like CsPbBr 3 nanoparticles are promising due to their high photoluminescence-quantum yield, narrow emission

linewidth, and ability to control excitation and emission wavelengths, making them suitable for bioimaging and sensing

applications. However, their instability in moist and aqueous environments and potential toxicity due to heavy metals like

lead pose signifi cant challenges. To address these issues, various surface-modifi cation strategies, including encapsulation,

ligand exchange, and phase transfer, have been developed. These methods aim to improve PQD stability and biocompatibility

while preserving their optical properties. Encapsulation techniques using polymers, silica, and phospholipids have shown

promise in maintaining PQD stability in aqueous solutions. Ligand-exchange strategies with multidentate and multifunctional

ligands have enhanced PQD surface binding and hydrophilicity, improving their environmental robustness. Applications

such as fl uorescence cellular imaging, theragnostics, and immunoassays demonstrate the potential of stabilized PQDs in

biomedical applications. Despite these advancements, further research is needed to develop non-toxic PQDs and ensure

long-term stability. Continued progress in PQD synthesis and surface modifi cation could lead to signifi cant breakthroughs

in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.