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Received February 16, 2021
Accepted May 4, 2021
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Recovery of Tin as Tin oxide nanoparticles from waste printed circuit boards for photocatalytic dye degradation
Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box: 87, Helwan, 11421, Cairo, Egypt 1Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
sfoda20@hotmail.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, September 2021, 38(9), 1934-1945(12), 10.1007/s11814-021-0838-9
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Abstract
A simple eco-friendly process is proposed to retrieve tin from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) as tin oxide nanostructured powders. The WPCBs were leached in disodium salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (Na2- EDTA) chelating agent comparing results with acid leaching. Parameters affecting the leaching process such as sample particle size, pH, temperature, time, liquid/solid ratio, and concentration of Na2-EDTA were investigated. A 100% of Sn can be recovered by leaching in 0.1mol/L Na2-EDTA solution for 3 hours at 80 °C with optimum conditions of pH: 5, liquid/solid ratio: 30, particle size -0.07 mm, and constant stirring of 400 rpm. Kinetic data suggest a diffusion-controlled process as the rate-determining step for the Na2-EDTA extraction of tin from WPCBs with an activation energy of 15.28 KJㆍmol-1. Selective precipitation of Sn as tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) from leachant solution was performed via a simple route using sodium hydroxide. Characterization tests (XRD, FTIR, EDX, FE-SEM, and TEM) were made to confirm the morphology of the nanoparticles. The prepared SnO2 NPs, having a size range of 8-12nm, showed an excellent photocatalytic action towards methylene blue (MB) dye under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination with 90% efficiency after 180min and showed good reusability after five consecutive cycles.
Keywords
References
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Robinson BH, Sci. Total Environ., 408, 183 (2009)
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Yoo JM, Jeong J, Yoo K, Lee JC, Kim W, Waste Manag., 29, 1132 (2009)
Lee JC, Song HT, Yoo JM, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 50, 380 (2007)
Fan HT, Li J, Guo MM, Fan XL, Zhang DS, Su J, Wang J, Desalin. Water Treat., 50, 51 (2012)
Xu HB, Fan HT, Jiang XJ, Sun T, Asian J. Chem., 23, 3827 (2011)
Kamberovic Z, Ranitovic M, Korac M, Andjic Z, Gajic N, Djokic J, Jevtic S, Metals, 8, 6 (2008)
Xiu F, Weng H, Qi Y, Yu G, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Chen M, Waste Manag., 60 (2017).
Seif El-Nasr R, Abdelbasir SM, Kamel AK, Hassan SSM, Sep. Purif. Technol., 230, 115860 (2020)
Park YJ, Fray DJ, J. Hazard. Mater., 164(2-3), 1152 (2009)
Arya S, Patel A, Kumar S, Pau-Loke SHOW, Environ. Pollut., In Press, 117033 (2021).
Janakova I, Pertile E, Fecko P, Janakova I, Pertile E, Kulova E, Metallurgia, 50, 1 (2011)
Cheng CQ, Yang F, Zhao J, Wang LH, Li XG, Corrosion Sci., 53, 1738 (2011)
Jha MK, Kumari A, Choubey PK, Lee JC, Kumar V, Jeong J, Hydrometallurgy, 121-124 (2012)
Havlik T, Orac D, Petranikova M, Miskufova A, Waste Manag., 31, 1542 (2011)
Hong HS, Jung HC, Kim GH, Kong MS, J. Korean Powder Metall. Inst., 16, 351 (2009)
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Virolainen S, Ibana D, Paatero E, Hydrometallurgy, 107, 56 (2011)
Kim GH, Hong HS, Jung HC, J. Korean Powder Metall. Inst., 19, 405 (2012)
Havlik T, Orac D, Petranikova M, Miskufova A, Kukurugya F, Takacova Z, J. Hazard. Mater., 183(1-3), 866 (2010)
Zhang X, Guan J, Guo Y, Yan X, Yuan H, Xu J, Guo J, Zhou Y, Su R, Guo Z, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 3, 1696 (2015)
Kim SK, Lee JC, Yoo K, Hydrometallurgy, 165, 143 (2016)
Gu S, Fu B, Dodbiba G, Fujita T, Fang B, RSC Adv., 7, 52017 (2017)
Mecucci A, Scott K, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 77(4), 449 (2002)
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Patil GE, Kajale DD, Gaikwad VB, Jain GH, Int. Nano Lett., 2, 17 (2012)
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Shek CH, Lai JKL, Lin GM, Nanostruct. Mater., 11, 887 (1999)
Yu D, Wang D, Yu W, Qian Y, Mater. Lett., 58, 84 (2004)
Teldja B, Noureddine B, Azzeddine B, Meriem T, Optik, 209, 164586 (2020)
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Xu S, Li D, Guo J, Hu Y, Yang P, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 148, 109763 (2021)
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Khan MM, Adil SF, Al-Mayouf A, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 9, 462 (2015)
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Ha VH, Lee JC, Huynh TH, Jeong J, Pandey BD, Hydrometallurgy, 149, 118 (2014)
Kim C, Lee Y, Ong SK, Chemosphere, 51, 845 (2003)
Souada M, Louage C, Doisy JY, Meunier L, Benderrag A, et al., Ultrason. Sonochem., 40, 929 (2018)
Ghosh S, Roy S, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 81, 769 (2017)
Yoo K, Lee JC, Lee KS, Kim BS, Kim MS, Kim SK, Pandey BD, Mater. Trans., 53, 2175 (2012)
Dontsova TA, Nagirnyak SV, Zhorov VV, Yasiievych YV, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 12, 332 (2017)
Chauhan G, Pant K, Nigam KDP, Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts, 17, 12 (2015)
Goel S, Pant KK, Nigam K, J. Hazard. Mater., 171(1-3), 253 (2009)
Chauhan G, Pant KK, Nigam KDP, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52(47), 16724 (2013)
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Abruzzi RC, Dedavid BA, Pires MJR, Ceramica, 61, 328 (2015)
Hauser L, Tandy S, Schulin R, Nowack B, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6819 (2005)
Abdelbasir SM, El-Sheikh SM, Rashad MM, Rayan DA, Electron. Mater. Lett., 14, 505 (2018)
Xia W, Wang H, Zeng X, Han J, Zhu J, Zhou M, Wu S, CrystEngComm, 16, 6841 (2014)
Das S, Kim DY, Choi CM, Hahn YB, J. Cryst. Growth, 341, 171 (2011)
Diallo A, Manikandan E, Rajendran V, Maaza M, J. Alloy. Compd., 681, 561 (2016)
Osuntokun J, Onwudiwe DC, Ebenso EE, J. Clust. Sci., 28, 1883 (2017)
Suthakaran S, Dhanapandian S, Krishnakumar N, Ponpandian N, Mater. Res. Express, 6, 0850i3 (2019)
Le STT, Khanitchaidecha W, Nakaruk A, Bull. Mater. Sci., 39, 569 (2016)
Yang T, Zhu P, Liu W, Chen L, Zhang D, Waste Manag., 68, 449 (2017)
Shokri A, Pahlevani F, Levick K, Cole I, Sahajwalla V, J. Clean Prod., 142, 2586 (2017)
Cerchier P, Dabala M, Brunelli K, JOM, 69, 1583 (2017)
