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Received April 24, 2016
Accepted January 5, 2017
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Leaching kinetics of a Nigerian complex covellite ore by the ammonia-ammonium sulfate solution
Alafara Abdullahi Baba†
Ayo Felix Balogun†
Daud Temitope Olaoluwa1
Rafiu Babatunde Bale2
Folahan Amoo Adekola
Abdul Ganiyu Funsho Alabi3
Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin-240003, Nigeria 1Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin-240003, Nigeria and Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 231 Ede, Nigeria 2Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin-240003, Nigeria 3Department of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria and Department of Material Science and Engineering, Kwara State University, P.M.B. 1530, Malete, Nigeria
alafara@unilorin.edu.ng
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, April 2017, 34(4), 1133-1140(8)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-017-0005-5
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-017-0005-5
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Abstract
Hydrometallurgical treatment of copper sulfide ore is increasingly establishing itself as a feasible route for the extraction of copper and recovery of associated precious metals value. This is attributed to the merits of this route, which include suitability for low-grade and complex ores, high recoveries, competitive economics, and other operational features. The leaching kinetics of Nigerian complex covellite ore was investigated in ammonia-ammonium sulfate solution. The concentration of ammonia and ammonium sulfate, the ore particle size, and the temperature were chosen as parameters in the experiments. The results show that temperature, concentration of ammonia-ammonium sulfate has favorable influence on the leaching rate of covellite ores; however, leaching rate decreases with increasing particle size. At optimal conditions (1.75mol/L NH4OH+0.5mol/L (NH4)2SO4, -90+75 μm, 75 °C, with moderate stirring) about 86.2% of copper ore reacted within 120 minutes. The mechanism of the leaching was further established by characterizing the raw ore and the leached residue by EDXRF - chemical composition, SEM - structural morphology and XRD - phase identification studies. From the X-ray diffraction analysis, the partially unreacted Cu and S phases were presumed to be CuO, and the iron present in the CuS phase was mainly converted to hematite (Fe2O3·H2O), as the CuS phase disintegrated and remained in the residue afterward.
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