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Received February 19, 2013
Accepted July 1, 2013
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Co-precipitation of loperamide hydrochloride and polyethylene glycol using aerosol solvent extraction system
Edward Widjojokusumo1 2
Bambang Veriansyah2
Yong-Suk Youn1
Youn-Woo Lee1†
Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata2†
1School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea 2Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Advance Technology Development, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences (DLBS), PT Dexa Medica, Jl. Industri Selatan V, Blok PP no. 7, Kawasan Industri Jababeka 2 Cikarang, Bekasi 17550, Indonesia
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, September 2013, 30(9), 1797-1803(7), 10.1007/s11814-013-0115-7
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Abstract
The co-precipitation of loperamide hydrochloride (LPM) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) using aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES) was examined. Scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis showed that the co-precipitation was achieved in various LPM-PEG mass ratios with changes in its morphology. In 10-50% PEG mass ratios, angular-shaped particles were formed, whereas in 65-90% PEG mass ratios, irregular-shaped particles were formed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the co-precipitates revealed that the LPM retained amorphous structure, while, on the other hand, the PEG retained crystalline structure. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra indicated carbonyl function group of LPM and ether function group of PEG appeared in the co-precipitates. Results of a dissolution test showed that the co-precipitates of LPM-PEG had higher dissolution rate compared to that of the raw material and processed LPM with ASES. Taken together, the co-precipitation of LPMPEG_x000D_
was achieved using ASES and higher in its dissolution rate. EDS of 50% PEG precipitate showed that chlorine map (indicate LPM) and oxygen map (indicate PEG) are co-precipitate.
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