Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
-
Received October 19, 2009
Accepted November 24, 2009
-
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright © KIChE. All rights reserved.
All issues
Behavior of diffusing elements from an integrated cathode of an electrochemical reduction process
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeokdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-353, Korea
bhpark@kaeri.re.kr
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, July 2010, 27(4), 1278-1283(6), 10.1007/s11814-010-0191-x
Download PDF
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction process for spent oxide fuel is operated in a molten salt bath and adopts an integrated cathode in which the oxides to be reduced act as a reactive cathode in the molten salt electrolyte cell. Heat-generating radioisotopes in the spent oxide fuel such as cesium and strontium are dissolved in the molten salt and diffuse from the integrated cathode. However, the behavior of the dissolved cations has not been clarified under an electrochemical reduction condition. In this work, the reduction potentials of cesium, strontium, and barium were measured in a molten LiCl-3 wt% Li2O salt and their mass transfer behavior was compared with two current conditions on the cell. The concentration changes of the cations in the molten salt phase were measured and no significant differences on the dissolution behavior were found with respect to the current. However, under a continued current condition, the removal of the high heat-generating elements requires more time than the complete reduction of metal oxide due to the slow rate of diffusion.
References
Chang YI, Nucl. Technol., 88, 129 (1989)
McPheeters CC, Pierce RD, Mulcahey TP, Progress Nucl.Energy., 31, 175 (1997)
Karell EJ, Pierce RD, Mulcahey TP, Treatment of oxide spent fuel using the lithium reduction, ANL Report, ANL/CMT/CP-89562, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, U.S.A (1996)
Usami T, Kurata M, Inoue T, Sims HE, Beetham SA, Jenkins JA, J. Nucl. Mater., 300, 15 (2002)
Usami T, Kato T, Kurata M, Inoue T, Sims HE, Beetham SA, Jenkins JA, J. Nucl. Mater., 304, 50 (2002)
Chen GZ, Fray DJ, Farthing TW, Nature., 407, 361 (2000)
Fray DJ, J. Metals., 53, 26 (2001)
Hur JM, Seo CS, Hong SS, Kang DS, Park SW, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 80(2), 217 (2003)
Jeong SM, Park SB, Hong SS, Seo CS, Park SW, J.Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 268, 349 (2006)
Seo CS, Park SB, Park BH, Jung KJ, Park SW, Kim SH, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 43, 587 (2006)
Gourishankar K, Redey L, Williamson M, Electrolytic reduction of metal oxides in molten salts., Light Metals 2002 (2002)
Kurata M, Inoue T, Serp J, Ougier M, Glatz JP, J. Nucl.Mater., 328, 97 (2004)
Herrmann S, Li S, Simpson M, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 44, 361 (2007)
Park SW, Park HS, Seo CS, Hur JM, Hwang YS, Proc. 3rd Korea-China Joint Workshop on Management of Nuclear Wastes,Shanghai, China (2002)
Park BH, Bin Park S, Choi SH, Seo CS, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 39(6), 609 (2006)
HSC Chemistry®, Outotec Research, 2006, Version 6.0.
Roth RS, Dennis JR, McMurdie HF, Phase diagrams for ceramists., The American Ceramic Society (1969)
Johnson GK, Pierce RD, Poa DS, McPheeters CC, in: Mishar B., Averill W. A. Ed., Actinide Processing: Methods and Materials, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS, Warrendale, Pennsylvania (1994)
Park SB, Park BH, Jeong SM, Hur JM, Seo CS, Choi SH, Park SW, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 268, 489 (2006)
Lloyd CL, Gilbert JB, J. Electrochem. Soc., 141(10), 2642 (1994)
Park BH, Lee IW, Seo CS, Chem. Eng. Sci., 63(13), 3485 (2008)
McPheeters CC, Pierce RD, Mulcahey TP, Progress Nucl.Energy., 31, 175 (1997)
Karell EJ, Pierce RD, Mulcahey TP, Treatment of oxide spent fuel using the lithium reduction, ANL Report, ANL/CMT/CP-89562, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, U.S.A (1996)
Usami T, Kurata M, Inoue T, Sims HE, Beetham SA, Jenkins JA, J. Nucl. Mater., 300, 15 (2002)
Usami T, Kato T, Kurata M, Inoue T, Sims HE, Beetham SA, Jenkins JA, J. Nucl. Mater., 304, 50 (2002)
Chen GZ, Fray DJ, Farthing TW, Nature., 407, 361 (2000)
Fray DJ, J. Metals., 53, 26 (2001)
Hur JM, Seo CS, Hong SS, Kang DS, Park SW, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 80(2), 217 (2003)
Jeong SM, Park SB, Hong SS, Seo CS, Park SW, J.Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 268, 349 (2006)
Seo CS, Park SB, Park BH, Jung KJ, Park SW, Kim SH, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 43, 587 (2006)
Gourishankar K, Redey L, Williamson M, Electrolytic reduction of metal oxides in molten salts., Light Metals 2002 (2002)
Kurata M, Inoue T, Serp J, Ougier M, Glatz JP, J. Nucl.Mater., 328, 97 (2004)
Herrmann S, Li S, Simpson M, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 44, 361 (2007)
Park SW, Park HS, Seo CS, Hur JM, Hwang YS, Proc. 3rd Korea-China Joint Workshop on Management of Nuclear Wastes,Shanghai, China (2002)
Park BH, Bin Park S, Choi SH, Seo CS, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 39(6), 609 (2006)
HSC Chemistry®, Outotec Research, 2006, Version 6.0.
Roth RS, Dennis JR, McMurdie HF, Phase diagrams for ceramists., The American Ceramic Society (1969)
Johnson GK, Pierce RD, Poa DS, McPheeters CC, in: Mishar B., Averill W. A. Ed., Actinide Processing: Methods and Materials, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS, Warrendale, Pennsylvania (1994)
Park SB, Park BH, Jeong SM, Hur JM, Seo CS, Choi SH, Park SW, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 268, 489 (2006)
Lloyd CL, Gilbert JB, J. Electrochem. Soc., 141(10), 2642 (1994)
Park BH, Lee IW, Seo CS, Chem. Eng. Sci., 63(13), 3485 (2008)
