Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
-
Received June 19, 2007
Accepted April 12, 2008
-
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright © KIChE. All rights reserved.
All issues
Production of biodiesel from soapstock using an ion-exchange resin catalyst
Korea Institute of Energy Research, 71-2, Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Korea 1Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, No.2 Nengyuan Rd, Wushan, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510-640, China
bmjslee@kier.re.kr
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, November 2008, 25(6), 1350-1354(5), 10.1007/s11814-008-0221-0
Download PDF
Abstract
The feasibility of biodiesel production from soapstock containing high water content and fatty matters by a solid acid catalyst was investigated. Soapstock was converted to high-acid acid oil (HAAO) by the hydrolysis by KOH and the acidulation by sulfuric acid. The acid value of soapstock-HAAO increased to 199.1 mg KOH/g but a large amount of potassium sulfate was produced. To resolve the formation of potassium sulfate, acid oil was extracted from soapstock and was converted to HAAO by using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). The maximum acid value of acid oil-HAAO was 194.2 mg KOH/g when the mass ratio of acid oil, sulfuric acid, and water was 10 : 4 : 10 at 2% of SDBS. In the esterification of HAAO using Amberylst-15, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) concentration was 91.7 and 81.3% for soapstock and acid oil, respectively. After the distillation, FAME concentration became 98.1% and 96.7% for soapstock and acid oil. The distillation process decreased the total glycerin and the acid value of FAME produced a little.
References
Marchetti JM, Miguel VU, Errazu AF, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11, 1300 (2007)
Hass MJ, Bloomer S, Scott KM, JAOCS, 77, 373 (2000)
Ramadhas AS, Jayaraj S, Muraleedharan C, Fuel, 84, 335 (2005)
Wang Y, Ou SY, Liu PZ, Xue F, Tang SZ, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 252(1-2), 107 (2006)
Mittelbach M, Bioresour. Technol., 56(1), 7 (1996)
Mittelbach M, Enzelsberger H, JAOCS, 76, 545 (1999)
Usta N, Ozturk E, Can O, Conkur ES, Nas S, Con AH, Can AC, Topcu M, Energy Conv. Manag., 46(5), 741 (2005)
Haas MJ, Fuel Process. Technol., 86(10), 1087 (2005)
Hass MJ, Michalski PJ, Runyon S, Nunez A, Scott KM, JAOCS, 80, 97 (2003)
Haas MJ, Scott KM, JAOCS, 73, 1393 (1996)
Haas MJ, McAloon AJ, Yee WC, Foglia TA, Bioresour. Technol., 97(4), 671 (2006)
Collignon F, Loenders R, Martens JA, Jacobs PA, Poncelet G, J. Catal., 182(2), 302 (1999)
Marchetti JM, Miguel VU, Errazu AF, Fuel, 86, 906 (2007)
Lopez DE, Goodwin JG, Bruce DA, Lotero E, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 295(2), 97 (2005)
Wang ZM, Lee JS, Park JY, Wu CZ, Yuan ZH, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 24(6), 1027 (2007)
Paul BK, Moulik SP, Current Science, 80, 990 (2001)
Chai JL, Zhao JR, Gao YH, Yang XD, Wu CJ, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Engineering, 302, 31 (2007)
Mukherjee K, Mukherjee DC, Moulik SP, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 187(2), 327 (1997)
Hass MJ, Bloomer S, Scott KM, JAOCS, 77, 373 (2000)
Ramadhas AS, Jayaraj S, Muraleedharan C, Fuel, 84, 335 (2005)
Wang Y, Ou SY, Liu PZ, Xue F, Tang SZ, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 252(1-2), 107 (2006)
Mittelbach M, Bioresour. Technol., 56(1), 7 (1996)
Mittelbach M, Enzelsberger H, JAOCS, 76, 545 (1999)
Usta N, Ozturk E, Can O, Conkur ES, Nas S, Con AH, Can AC, Topcu M, Energy Conv. Manag., 46(5), 741 (2005)
Haas MJ, Fuel Process. Technol., 86(10), 1087 (2005)
Hass MJ, Michalski PJ, Runyon S, Nunez A, Scott KM, JAOCS, 80, 97 (2003)
Haas MJ, Scott KM, JAOCS, 73, 1393 (1996)
Haas MJ, McAloon AJ, Yee WC, Foglia TA, Bioresour. Technol., 97(4), 671 (2006)
Collignon F, Loenders R, Martens JA, Jacobs PA, Poncelet G, J. Catal., 182(2), 302 (1999)
Marchetti JM, Miguel VU, Errazu AF, Fuel, 86, 906 (2007)
Lopez DE, Goodwin JG, Bruce DA, Lotero E, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 295(2), 97 (2005)
Wang ZM, Lee JS, Park JY, Wu CZ, Yuan ZH, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 24(6), 1027 (2007)
Paul BK, Moulik SP, Current Science, 80, 990 (2001)
Chai JL, Zhao JR, Gao YH, Yang XD, Wu CJ, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Engineering, 302, 31 (2007)
Mukherjee K, Mukherjee DC, Moulik SP, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 187(2), 327 (1997)
