In an attempt to estimate VOC emission from anthropogenic, non-point sources in an urban area, a new approach (SKYEM) was introduced as a part of the integrated environment management (IEM) project. SKYEM was developed for consulting user convenience on a basis of emission inventory methodologies developed in the USA, Europe, Australia, and Korea. The inventory was obtained from mobile and area sources resolved to census tract levels (Dong or village levels). SKYEM was used to provide an annual emission inventory for major volatile organic compounds, BTXS (benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene), PCE, phenol, and MEK, from 13 sources in multimedia (air, water, and soil) for 151 villages in northeastern Seoul. Toluene (73%) and Xlyene (16%) were largely emitted from important source categories, consumer solvents and mobiles, accounting for 60% and 26% of all estimated VOCs during the year 2002, respectively. BTXS were also measured at 10 sites located in the target area. Toluene presented the highest concentration (77%) with Xylene ranked second (15%). The similarity between concentration and emission may be explained by a model which describes scientific phenomena in or inter media. Therefore, a comparison of the prediction using the model with actual observations will be useful in examining uncertainties in, or the accuracy of the emission inventory from, non-point sources in an urban area.

Emission Inventory Non-point Source Area Source Mobile Source BTXS Urban

Dommen J, Prevot ASH, Maffeis BG, Longoni MG, Gruebler FC, Thielmann A, Atmos. Environ., 37, 4149 (2003)
Oremland Mollmann-Coers M, Klemp D, Mannschrect K, Slemr F, Atmos. Environ., 36, S109 (2002)
NRC (National Research Council), Rethinking the ozone problem in urban and regional air pollution, National academy press, Washington, D.C. (1991)
Placet M, Mann CO, Gilbert RO, Niefer MJ, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2138 (2000)
van Aardenne JA, Builtjes PJH, Hordijk L, Kroeze C, Pulles MPJ, Atmos. Environ., 36, 1195 (2002)
Jiang G, Fast JD, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5071 (2004)
Pratt GC, Wu CY, Bock D, Adgate JL, Ramachandran G, Stock TH, Morandi M, Sexton K, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 1949 (2004)
Derwent RG, Jenkin ME, Saunders SM, Pilling MJ, Simmonds PG, Passant NR, Dollard GJ, Dumitrean P, Kent A, Atmos. Environ., 37, 1983 (2003)
Chah SW, Joo CK, Park HS, Park SJ, Kim PJ, Lee SM, Choi KH, Yi JH, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 41, 357 (2003)
Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Inventory development for integrated environment management, Seoul, Korea (2002)
Kim MS, Joo CK, Lee SM, Kim PJ, Yi J, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 22(2), 238 (2005)
Kim MS, Kim JH, Park HS, Sun YS, Kim HS, Choi KH, Yi J, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), 919 (2006)
U.S.EPA.EIIP Document Series Volumes I-X (EPA-454/R-97-004); available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/index.html
U.S.EPA.EIIP Document Series Volumes I-X (EPA-454/R-97-004); available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/index.html
The Ministry of Environment (MOE), Korea. Emission Inventory Guidebook for non-point sources Volume I and II; available at http:// www.me.go.kr/
The Ministry of Environment (MOE), Korea. Annual report of air (2005)
Chan CY, Chan LY, Wang XM, Liu YM, Lee SC, Zou SC, Sheng GY, Fu JM, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2039 (2002)
Das M, Kang D, Aneja VP, Lonneman W, Cook DR, Wesely ML, Atmos. Environ., 37, 2269 (2003)
Na K, Kim YP, Moon KC, Atmos. Environ., 37, 733 (2003)