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Effect of Short-Chain Alcohols as Co-surfactants on Pseudo-ternary Phase Diagrams Containing Lecithin
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Kyunggi-do, Ansan-si 425-791, Korea
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, May 1999, 16(3), 377-381(5), 10.1007/BF02707128
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Abstract
Lecithin is a natural amphiphilic molecule, the microemulsions of which are often employed as a transdermal delivery medium of drugs and cosmetics. However, it constructs a microemulsion and lamellar phase in a phase diagram without co-surfactant only at a narrow range of composition. In this study, the effect of several short-chain alcohols on pseudo-ternary phase diagrams composed of lecithin, water and dodecane containing 1.0 wt% lidocaine (local anesthetic) was investigated in relation to the application of lecithin-based microemulsion for transdermal drug delivery. The phase diagram for an aqueous solution containing 80.0 wt% ethanol showed a lamellar structure (LC) and bicontinuous isotropic regions. When the mixing ratio of lecithin to alcohols (1-pro-panol, 1-butanol and n-pentanol) was 2 ; 1, water-in-oil (L2) and oil-in-water (L1) microemulsions and LC were obtained in a certain range of compositions. The maximum solubilization of water into L2 phase was 38 wt% when the total surfactant was 43 wt% with butanol as cosurfactant.
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Attwood D, Florence AT, "Surfactant Systems, Their Chemistry, Pharmacy and Biology," Chapman and Hall, New York (1983)
Binks BP, Meunier J, Langevin D, Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci., 79, 208 (1989)
Bonina FP, Montenegro L, Scrofani N, Esposito E, Cortesi R, Menegatti E, Nastruzzi C, J. Control. Release, 34, 53 (1995)
Bourrel M, Schechter RS, "Microemulsions and Related Systems," Surfactant Science Series, 30 (1988)
Burm AGL, van Kleef JW, "Pharmacokinetics of Local Anesthetics," in "Pharmacologic Basis of Anesthesiology: Basic Science and Practical Applications," Bowdle, T.A. ed., Churchill Livingstone, New York (1994)
Choi SY, Oh SG, Lee JS, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 9(7), 1090 (1998)
Cornell BA, Middlehurst J, Separvoic F, Faraday Disc. Chem. Soc., 81, 163 (1986)
De Gennes PG, Toupin C, J. Phys. Chem., 86, 2294 (1982)
Garti N, Aserin A, "Pharmaceutical Emulsions, Double Emulsions and Microemulsions," in "Microencapsulation," ed. Simon Benita, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (1996)
Israelachvili JN, Mitchell DJ, Ninham BW, J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans., 72, 1525 (1976)
Kabalnov A, Tarara T, Arlauskas R, Weers J, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 184(1), 227 (1996)
Ruth SH, Attwood D, Ktistis G, Taylor CJ, Int. J. Pharm., 116, 253 (1995)
Shinoda K, Araki M, Sadoghiani A, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 989 (1991)
Trotta M, Ugazio E, Rosa Casco M, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 47, 451 (1995)
