Resol type phenolic resin/layered silicate nanocomposites(RPLSNs) were prepared by melt intercalation method and the cure kinetics was studied as a function of the amount of layered silicate. The partially exfoliated structure was found below 3 wt% of layered silicate, while more stacked silicates were found at 5 wt% of layered silicates. The result of FTIR experiment for cure reaction of phenolic resin showed that the RPLSN had almost the same activation energy as pristine phenolic resin but it had 7 times lower frequency factor than pristine phenolic resin as the amount of layered silicate increased. Therefore, the steric hindrance of layered silicate in the nanocomposite affected the cure kinetics and disturbed the formation of three dimensional network structure of phenolic resin during cure reaction.